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Why Observations at Mid-infrared Wavelengths Partially Mitigate M Dwarf Star Host Stellar Activity Contamination in Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy
Seager, Sara; Shapiro, Alexander I.
Exoplanet atmosphere transmission spectroscopy for planets orbiting M dwarf stars faces significant challenges due to contamination from stellar magnetic features, i.e., spots and faculae. These features make the stellar surface inhomogeneous and introduce wavelength-dependent signals in the transmission spectrum that complicate its analysis. We i…
Airglow and Aurora in the Martian Atmosphere: Contributions by the Mars Express and ExoMars TGO Missions
Montmessin, Franck; Fedorova, Anna; Gérard, Jean-Claude +6 more
The study of atmospheric emissions from orbit to probe the middle and upper atmosphere of Mars, which started with the Mariner missions, is living a golden era thanks to the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission and other subsequent missions built upon its success, including the ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. Here we summa…
Origins of Very Low Helium Abundance Streams Detected in the Solar Wind Plasma
Yashiro, Seiji; Gopalswamy, N.; Srivastava, Nandita +4 more
The abundance of helium (A He) in the solar wind exhibits variations typically in the range from 2% to 5% with respect to solar cycle activity and solar wind velocity. However, there are instances where the observed A He is exceptionally low (<1%). These low-A He occurrences are detected both near the Sun and at…
METAL-Z: Measuring Dust Depletion in Low-metallicity Dwarf Galaxies
Jenkins, Edward B.; Gordon, Karl D.; Rafelski, Marc +6 more
The cycling of metals between interstellar gas and dust is a critical aspect of the baryon cycle of galaxies, yet our understanding of this process is limited. This study focuses on understanding dust depletion effects in the low-metallicity regime (<20% Z ⊙) typical of cosmic noon. Using medium-resolution UV spectroscopy from the Co…
The relation between magnetic field inclination and the apparent motion of penumbral grains
Sobotka, Michal; Jurčák, Jan; Castellanos Durán, Juan Sebastián +1 more
Context. The bright heads of penumbral filaments, penumbral grains (PGs), show apparent horizontal motions inward, toward the umbra, or outward, away from the umbra.
Aims: We aim to ascertain statistically whether the direction of PGs' apparent motion is related to the inclination of the surrounding magnetic field.
Methods: We used spect…
Stellar rotations and the disentanglement of the Galactic thin and thick discs
da Silva, M. P.; Alves-Brito, A.; do Nascimento, J. D.
The kinematics, mean α-elements, and ages of the stars reveal two distinct disc populations observed in the Solar neighbourhood. Although several studies have been carried out to characterize abundances of chemical elements and kinematic identifications in these populations, there are few studies that dealt with the analysis of stellar rotation an…
The enigma of Gaia18cjb: A possible rare hybrid of FUor and EXor properties
Pál, András; Ogłoza, Waldemar; Ábrahám, Péter +28 more
Context. Gaia18cjb is one of the Gaia-alerted eruptive young star candidates that has been experiencing a slow and strong brightening during the last 13 years, similarly to some FU Orionis-type objects.
Aims: The aim of this work is to derive the young stellar nature of Gaia18cjb and determine its physical and accretion properties to classify…
Noble Gas Planetology and the Xenon Clouds of Uranus
Zahnle, Kevin
Noble gases provide tracers of cosmic provenance that are accessible to a future Uranus atmospheric probe. Argon and krypton are expected to be well mixed on Uranus with respect to H2 and He, although condensation at the winter pole may be possible. The Ar/H2 and Ar/Kr ratios address whether the materials accreted by Uranus r…
Close Major-merger Pairs at z = 0: Star-forming Galaxies with Pseudobulges
Wang, Wei; Xu, Cong; Fang, Taotao +5 more
We present a study of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with pseudobulges (bulges with Sérsic index n < 2) in a local close major-merger galaxy pair sample (H-KPAIR). With data from new aperture photometries in the optical and near-infrared bands (aperture size of 7 kpc) and from the literature, we find that the mean Age of central stellar populatio…
New candidate hypervelocity red clump stars in the inner Galactic bulge
Minniti, D.; Rejkuba, M.; Luna, A. +5 more
We search for high-velocity stars in the inner region of the Galactic bulge using a selected sample of red clump stars. Some of those stars might be considered hypervelocity stars (HVSs). Even though the HVSs ejection relies on an interaction with the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the centre of the Galaxy, there are no confirmed detections of …