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The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
Sutherland, W.; Heymans, C.; Hoekstra, H. +20 more
Context. The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope, specifically designed for measuring weak gravitational lensing by galaxies and large-scale structure. When completed it will consist of 1350 square degrees imaged in four filters (ugri).
Aims: Here we pr…
Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2
Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. +2 more
The Gaia mission has opened a new window into the internal kinematics of young star clusters at the sub-km s-1 level, with implications for our understanding of how star clusters form and evolve. We use a sample of 28 clusters and associations with ages from ∼1-5 Myr, where lists of members are available from previous X-ray, optical, an…
How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass-Luminosity-Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses
Gaidos, Eric; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Kraus, Adam L. +11 more
The mass-luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between {M}{KS} and M * sp…
Exoplanetary Atmospheres: Key Insights, Challenges, and Prospects
Madhusudhan, Nikku
Exoplanetary science is on the verge of an unprecedented revolution. The thousands of exoplanets discovered over the past decade have most recently been supplemented by discoveries of potentially habitable planets around nearby low-mass stars. Currently, the field is rapidly progressing toward detailed spectroscopic observations to characterize th…
An Improved Distance to NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant
Riess, A. G.; Reid, M. J.; Pesce, D. W.
NGC 4258 is a critical galaxy for establishing the extragalactic distance scale and estimating the Hubble constant ({H}0). Water masers in the nucleus of the galaxy orbit about its supermassive black hole, and very long baseline interferometric observations of their positions, velocities, and accelerations can be modeled to give a geome…
A noninteracting low-mass black hole-giant star binary system
Bieryla, Allyson; Latham, David W.; Berlind, Perry +14 more
Black hole binary systems with companion stars are typically found via their x-ray emission, generated by interaction and accretion. Noninteracting binaries are expected to be plentiful in the Galaxy but must be observed using other methods. We combine radial velocity and photometric variability data to show that the bright, rapidly rotating giant…
Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b
Fortney, Jonathan J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W. +13 more
Results from the Kepler mission indicate that the occurrence rate of small planets (<3 R ⊕) in the habitable zone of nearby low-mass stars may be as high as 80%. Despite this abundance, probing the conditions and atmospheric properties on any habitable-zone planet is extremely difficult and has remained elusive to date. Here, we repo…
Primordial Black Holes as a Dark Matter Candidate Are Severely Constrained by the Galactic Center 511 keV γ -Ray Line
Laha, Ranjan
We derive the strongest constraint on the fraction of dark matter that can be composed of low mass primordial black holes by using the observation of the Galactic Center 511 keV γ -ray line. Primordial black holes of masses ≲1015 kg will evaporate to produce e± pairs. The positrons will lose energy in the Galactic Center, bec…
The origin of accreted stellar halo populations in the Milky Way using APOGEE, Gaia, and the EAGLE simulations
Bovy, Jo; Majewski, Steven R.; Holtzman, Jon +12 more
Recent work indicates that the nearby Galactic halo is dominated by the debris from a major accretion event. We confirm that result from an analysis of APOGEE-DR14 element abundances and Gaia-DR2 kinematics of halo stars. We show that ∼2/3 of nearby halo stars have high orbital eccentricities (e ≳ 0.8), and abundance patterns typical of massive Mi…
juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
Espinoza, Néstor; Kossakowski, Diana; Brahm, Rafael
Here we present juliet, a versatile tool for the analysis of transits, radial velocities, or both. juliet is built over many available tools for the modelling of transits, radial velocities, and stochastic processes (here modelled as Gaussian Processes; GPs) in order to deliver a tool/wrapper which can be used for the analysis of transit photometr…