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The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au
Burrows, Adam; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Duchêne, Gaspard +63 more
We present a statistical analysis of the first 300 stars observed by the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey. This subsample includes six detected planets and three brown dwarfs; from these detections and our contrast curves we infer the underlying distributions of substellar companions with respect to their mass, semimajor axis, and host stella…
The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from 5 to 25 kpc
Hogg, David W.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Ness, Melissa K. +1 more
We measure the circular velocity curve v c(R) of the Milky Way with the highest precision to date across Galactocentric distances of 5 ≤ R ≤ 25 kpc. Our analysis draws on the six-dimensional phase-space coordinates of ≳23,000 luminous red giant stars, for which we previously determined precise parallaxes using a data-driven model that c…
The formation and assembly history of the Milky Way revealed by its globular cluster population
Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Crain, Robert A.; Bastian, Nate +2 more
We use the age-metallicity distribution of 96 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) to infer the formation and assembly history of the Milky Way (MW), culminating in the reconstruction of its merger tree. Based on a quantitative comparison of the Galactic GC population to the 25 cosmological zoom-in simulations of MW-mass galaxies in the E-MOSAICS proj…
Cluster Cosmology Constraints from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ Survey: Inclusion of Weak Gravitational Lensing Data from Magellan and the Hubble Space Telescope
Gladders, M. D.; Schrabback, T.; Rest, A. +77 more
We derive cosmological constraints using a galaxy cluster sample selected from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey. The sample spans the redshift range 0.25 < z < 1.75 and contains 343 clusters with SZ detection significance ξ > 5. The sample is supplemented with optical weak gravitational lensing measurements of 32 clusters with 0.29 …
Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2. Binarity from proper motion anomaly
Mignard, François; Thévenin, Frédéric; Kervella, Pierre +1 more
Context. The census of stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars is largely incomplete, in particular toward the low-mass brown dwarf and long-period exoplanets. It is, however, fundamentally important in the understanding of the stellar and planetary formation and evolution mechanisms. Nearby stars are particularly favorable targets for h…
H0LiCOW - IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant
Treu, T.; Fassnacht, C. D.; Meylan, G. +15 more
We present a blind time-delay strong lensing (TDSL) cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 . We combine the relative time delay between the quasar images, Hubble Space Telescope imaging, the Keck stellar velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxy, and wide-field photometric and spectroscopic data of the field to constrain …
Vertical waves in the solar neighbourhood in Gaia DR2
Bovy, Jo; Bennett, Morgan
The vertical structure and dynamics of stars in our local Galactic neighbourhood contains much information about the local distribution of visible and dark matter and of perturbations to the Milky Way disc. We use data on the positions and velocities of stars in the solar neighbourhood from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and large spectroscopic surveys…
Gaia-2MASS 3D maps of Galactic interstellar dust within 3 kpc
Arenou, F.; Babusiaux, C.; Katz, D. +5 more
Gaia stellar measurements are currently revolutionizing our knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Milky Way. 3D maps of the interstellar dust provide complementary information and are a tool for a wide range of uses. We built 3D maps of the dust in the Local arm and surrounding regions. To do so, Gaia DR2 photometric data were combined with…
Cosmological Constraints from the Hubble Diagram of Quasars at High Redshifts
Lusso, E.; Risaliti, G.
The concordance model (Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model, where Λ is the cosmological constant) reproduces the main current cosmological observations1-4 assuming the validity of general relativity at all scales and epochs and the presence of CDM and of Λ, equivalent to dark energy with a constant density in space and time. However, the ΛC…
The total mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from its perturbation on the Orphan stream
Li, T. S.; Evans, N. W.; Belokurov, V. +14 more
In a companion paper by Koposov et al., RR Lyrae from Gaia Data Release 2 are used to demonstrate that stars in the Orphan stream have velocity vectors significantly misaligned with the stream track, suggesting that it has received a large gravitational perturbation from a satellite of the Milky Way. We argue that such a mismatch cannot arise due …