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Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time
Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Krumholz, Mark R.; McKee, Christopher F.
Star clusters stand at the intersection of much of modern astrophysics: the ISM, gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, and cosmology. Here, we review observations and theoretical models for the formation, evolution, and eventual disruption of star clusters. Current literature suggests a picture of this life cycle including the following sever…
The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies
Simon, Joshua D.
The lowest luminosity (L < 105L⊙) Milky Way satellite galaxies represent the extreme lower limit of the galaxy luminosity function. These ultra-faint dwarfs are the oldest, most dark matter-dominated, most metal-poor, and least chemically evolved stellar systems known. They therefore provide unique windows into the formati…
Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Harikane, Yuichi +62 more
This paper presents the second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, a wide-field optical imaging survey using the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. The release includes data from 174 nights of observation through 2018 January. The Wide layer data cover about 300 deg^2 in all five broad-band filters (grizy) to the nominal survey ex…
Growth model interpretation of planet size distribution
Vanderburg, Andrew; Cao, Hao; Berger, Travis A. +13 more
The radii and orbital periods of 4,000+ confirmed/candidate exoplanets have been precisely measured by the Kepler mission. The radii show a bimodal distribution, with two peaks corresponding to smaller planets (likely rocky) and larger intermediate-size planets, respectively. While only the masses of the planets orbiting the brightest stars can be…
Evidence for two early accretion events that built the Milky Way stellar halo
Myeong, G. C.; Evans, N. W.; Belokurov, V. +2 more
The Gaia Sausage is the major accretion event that built the stellar halo of the Milky Way galaxy. Here, we provide dynamical and chemical evidence for a second substantial accretion episode, distinct from the Gaia Sausage. The Sequoia Event provided the bulk of the high-energy retrograde stars in the stellar halo, as well as the recently discover…
A single fast radio burst localized to a massive galaxy at cosmological distance
Shimwell, T. W.; Treu, T.; Kerr, M. +51 more
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief radio emissions from distant astronomical sources. Some are known to repeat, but most are single bursts. Nonrepeating FRB observations have had insufficient positional accuracy to localize them to an individual host galaxy. We report the interferometric localization of the single-pulse FRB 180924 to a position 4 …
The Optical to Mid-infrared Extinction Law Based on the APOGEE, Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1, SDSS, APASS, 2MASS, and WISE Surveys
Wang, Shu; Chen, Xiaodian
A precise interstellar dust extinction law is critically important to interpret observations. There are two indicators of extinction: the color excess ratio (CER) and the relative extinction. Compared to the CER, the wavelength-dependent relative extinction is more challenging to be determined. In this work, we combine spectroscopic, astrometric, …
Origin of the system of globular clusters in the Milky Way
Massari, D.; Koppelman, H. H.; Helmi, A.
Context. The assembly history experienced by the Milky Way is currently being unveiled thanks to the data provided by the Gaia mission. It is likely that the globular cluster system of our Galaxy has followed a similarly intricate formation path.
Aims: To constrain this formation path, we explore the link between the globular clusters and the…
Mean proper motions, space orbits, and velocity dispersion profiles of Galactic globular clusters derived from Gaia DR2 data
Hilker, M.; Bellini, A.; Baumgardt, H. +1 more
We have derived the mean proper motions and space velocities of 154 Galactic globular clusters and the velocity dispersion profiles of 141 globular clusters based on a combination of Gaia DR2 proper motions with ground-based line-of-sight velocities. Combining the velocity dispersion profiles derived here with new measurements of the internal mass…
A Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue of white dwarfs and a comparison with SDSS
Toonen, Silvia; Hollands, Mark; Raddi, Roberto +11 more
We present a catalogue of white dwarf candidates selected from the second data release of Gaia (DR2). We used a sample of spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to map the entire space spanned by these objects in the Gaia Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We then defined a set of cuts in absolute magnitude, co…