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H0LiCOW XII. Lens mass model of WFI2033-4723 and blind measurement of its time-delay distance and H0
Treu, Tommaso; Marshall, Philip J.; Sonnenfeld, Alessandro +15 more
We present the lens mass model of the quadruply-imaged gravitationally lensed quasar WFI2033 - 4723, and perform a blind cosmographical analysis based on this system. Our analysis combines (1) time-delay measurements from 14 yr of data obtained by the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses (COSMOGRAIL) collaboration, (2) high-resolution H…
Resonance locking in giant planets indicated by the rapid orbital expansion of Titan
Fuller, Jim; Modenini, Dario; Tortora, Paolo +8 more
Saturn is orbited by dozens of moons, and the intricate dynamics of this complex system provide clues about its formation and evolution. Tidal friction within Saturn causes its moons to migrate outwards, driving them into orbital resonances that pump their eccentricities or inclinations, which in turn leads to tidal heating of the moons. However, …
The Complete Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey
Béthermin, M.; Weiss, A.; Greve, T. R. +21 more
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) has systematically identified 81 high-redshift, strongly gravitationally lensed, dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) in a 2500 square degree cosmological millimeter-wave survey. We present the final spectroscopic redshift survey of this flux-limited (S870 µm > 25 mJy) sample, initially selected at…
Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from k and G inflation
Gao, Qing; Zhang, Chao; Gong, Yungui +3 more
The possibility that in the mass range around 10-12 M⊙ most of dark matter is constituted of primordial black holes (PBHs) is a very interesting topic. To produce PBHs with this mass, the primordial scalar power spectrum needs to be enhanced to the order of 0.01 at the scale k ∼1012 Mpc-1. The enhanced p…
A cold, massive, rotating disk galaxy 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang
Prochaska, J. Xavier; Rafelski, Marc; Neeleman, Marcel +1 more
Massive disk galaxies like the Milky Way are expected to form at late times in traditional models of galaxy formation1,2, but recent numerical simulations suggest that such galaxies could form as early as a billion years after the Big Bang through the accretion of cold material and mergers3,4. Observationally, it has been dif…
The dual origin of the Galactic thick disc and halo from the gas-rich Gaia-Enceladus Sausage merger
Grand, Robert J. J.; Gómez, Facundo A.; Fattahi, Azadeh +6 more
We analyse a set of cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies identified to have a prominent radially anisotropic stellar halo component similar to the so-called 'Gaia Sausage' found in the Gaia data. We examine the effects of the progenitor of the Sausage (the Gaia-Enceladus Sausage, GES) on the form…
Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
De Keyser, Johan; Gombosi, Tamas I.; Berthelier, Jean-Jacques +14 more
Cometary comae are generally depleted in nitrogen. The main carriers for volatile nitrogen in comets are NH3 and HCN. It is known that ammonia readily combines with many acids, such as HCN, HNCO and HCOOH, encountered in the interstellar medium as well as in cometary ice to form ammonium salts (NH4+X-) a…
Flare Statistics for Young Stars from a Convolutional Neural Network Analysis of TESS Data
Schlieder, Joshua E.; Günther, Maximilian N.; Montet, Benjamin T. +5 more
All-sky photometric time-series missions have allowed for the monitoring of thousands of young (tage < 800 Myr) stars in order to understand the evolution of stellar activity. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN), stella, specifically trained to find flares in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) short-cade…
Timing the Early Assembly of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey
van Dokkum, Pieter; Conroy, Charlie; Ting, Yuan-Sen +7 more
The archeological record of stars in the Milky Way opens a uniquely detailed window into the early formation and assembly of galaxies. Here we use 11,000 main-sequence turn-off stars with well-measured ages, $[\mathrm{Fe}/{\rm{H}}]$ , $[\alpha /\mathrm{Fe}]$ , and orbits from the H3 Survey and Gaia to time the major events in the early Galaxy. Loc…
The Multi-INstrument Burst ARchive (MINBAR)
Watts, Anna L.; Galloway, Duncan K.; Kuulkers, Erik +7 more
We present the largest sample of type I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts yet assembled, comprising 7083 bursts from 85 bursting sources. The sample is drawn from observations with Xenon-filled proportional counters on the long-duration satellites RXTE, BeppoSAX, and International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory between 1996 February 8 and 2012 May 3…