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Ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids
Longobardo, Andrea; Palomba, Ernesto; Schmitt, Bernard +29 more
The measured nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in comets is lower than for the Sun, a discrepancy which could be alleviated if there is an unknown reservoir of nitrogen in comets. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko exhibits an unidentified broad spectral reflectance feature around 3.2 micrometers, which is ubiquitous across its surface. On the …
Dynamical Relics of the Ancient Galactic Halo
Zhao, Gang; Myeong, G. C.; Evans, N. W. +11 more
We search for dynamical substructures in the LAMOST DR3 very metal-poor (VMP) star catalog. After cross-matching with Gaia DR2, there are ∼3300 VMP stars with available high-quality astrometric information that have halo-like kinematics. We apply a method based on the self-organizing map StarGO to find groups clustered in the 4D space of orbital e…
Gravity-mode period spacings and near-core rotation rates of 611 γ Doradus stars with Kepler
Li, Gang; Bedding, Timothy R.; Antoci, Victoria +4 more
We report our survey of γ Dor stars from the 4-yr Kepler mission. These stars pulsate mainly in g modes and r modes, showing period-spacing patterns in the amplitude spectra. The period-spacing patterns are sensitive to the chemical composition gradients and the near-core rotation, hence they are essential for understanding the stellar interior. W…
The mass of our Milky Way
Ishigaki, Miho N.; Cautun, Marius; Wang, WenTing +2 more
We perform an extensive review of the numerous studies and methods used to determine the total mass of the Milky Way. We group the various studies into seven broad classes according to their modeling approaches. The classes include: i) estimating Galactic escape velocity using high velocity objects; ii) measuring the rotation curve through termina…
Constraining the masses of microlensing black holes and the mass gap with Gaia DR2
Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Mandel, Ilya
Context. Gravitational microlensing is sensitive to compact-object lenses in the Milky Way, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes, and could potentially probe a wide range of stellar-remnant masses. However, the mass of the lens can be determined only in very limited cases, due to missing information on both source and lens distanc…
Cluster-galaxy weak lensing
Umetsu, Keiichi
Weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies provides a direct probe of the projected matter distribution in and around galaxy clusters. Here, we present a self-contained pedagogical review of cluster-galaxy weak lensing, covering a range of topics relevant to its cosmological and astrophysical applications. We begin by reviewing the theoreti…
The "hidden" companion in LB-1 unveiled by spectral disentangling
Shenar, T.; Sana, H.; Hawcroft, C. +9 more
Context. The intriguing binary
Science with the TianQin Observatory: Preliminary results on Galactic double white dwarf binaries
Huang, Shun-Jia; Hu, Yi-Ming; Korol, Valeriya +6 more
We explore the prospects of detecting Galactic double white dwarf (DWD) binaries with the space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin. In this work, we analyze both a sample of currently known DWDs and a realistic synthetic population of DWDs to assess the number of guaranteed detections and the full capacity of the mission. We find th…
The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey. IV. Abundances for 128 Open Clusters Using SDSS/APOGEE DR16
Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brownstein, Joel R.; Pan, Kaike +22 more
The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping (OCCAM) survey aims to constrain key Galactic dynamical and chemical evolution parameters by the construction of a large, comprehensive, uniform, infrared-based spectroscopic data set of hundreds of open clusters. This fourth contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis using Sloan Digital S…
(Sub)stellar companions shape the winds of evolved stars
Waters, L. B. F. M.; Sahai, R.; De Ridder, J. +32 more
Binary interactions dominate the evolution of massive stars, but their role is less clear for low- and intermediate-mass stars. The evolution of a spherical wind from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star into a nonspherical planetary nebula (PN) could be due to binary interactions. We observed a sample of AGB stars with the Atacama Large Millimet…