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A JWST inventory of protoplanetary disk ices. The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE, seen with the Ice Age ERS program
van Dishoeck, E. F.; Pontoppidan, K. M.; Rocha, W. R. M. +24 more
Ices are the main carriers of volatiles in protoplanetary disks and are crucial to our understanding of the protoplanetary disk chemistry that ultimately sets the organic composition of planets. The Director's Discretionary-Early Release Science (DD-ERS) program Ice Age on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) follows the ice evolution through all…
ELemental abundances of Planets and brown dwarfs Imaged around Stars (ELPIS). I. Potential Metal Enrichment of the Exoplanet AF Lep b and a Novel Retrieval Approach for Cloudy Self-luminous Atmospheres
Fortney, Jonathan J.; Carter, Aarynn L.; Skemer, Andrew +10 more
AF Lep A+b is a remarkable planetary system hosting a gas-giant planet that has the lowest dynamical mass among directly imaged exoplanets. We present an in-depth analysis of the atmospheric composition of the star and planet to probe the planet's formation pathway. Based on new high-resolution spectroscopy of AF Lep A, we measure a uniform set of…
Observable Signature of Merging Stellar-mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
Perna, Rosalba; Tagawa, Hiromichi; Kimura, Shigeo S. +2 more
The origin of stellar-mass black hole mergers discovered through gravitational waves is being widely debated. Mergers in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent a promising source of origin, with possible observational clues in the gravitational-wave data. Beyond gravitational waves, a unique signature of AGN-assisted mergers is elect…
Non-LTE radiative transfer with Turbospectrum
Bergemann, Maria; Hoppe, Richard; Plez, Bertrand +4 more
Physically realistic models of stellar spectra are needed in a variety of astronomical studies, from the analysis of fundamental stellar parameters, to studies of exoplanets and stellar populations in galaxies. Here we present a new version of the widely used radiative transfer code Turbospectrum, which we update so that it is able to perform spec…
Gaia Data Release 3. Hot-star radial velocities
Smith, M.; Gosset, E.; Caffau, E. +38 more
Context. The second Gaia data release, DR2, contained radial velocities of stars with effective temperatures up to Teff = 6900 K. The third data release, Gaia DR3, extends this up to Teff = 14 500 K.
Aims: We derive the radial velocities for hot stars (i.e., in the Teff = 6900 − 14 500 K range) from data obtai…
Hubble Space Telescope Transmission Spectroscopy for the Temperate Sub-Neptune TOI-270 d: A Possible Hydrogen-rich Atmosphere Containing Water Vapor
Madhusudhan, Nikku; Mikal-Evans, Thomas; Crossfield, Ian J. M. +6 more
TOI-270 d is a temperate sub-Neptune discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) around a bright (J = 9.1 mag) M3V host star. With an approximate radius of 2 R ⊕ and equilibrium temperature of 350 K, TOI-270 d is one of the most promising small exoplanets for atmospheric characterization using transit spectroscopy. He…
Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002
Rebolo, R.; Amado, P. J.; Caballero, J. A. +43 more
We report the discovery and characterisation of two Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 1002 based on the analysis of the radial-velocity (RV) time series from the ESPRESSO and CARMENES spectrographs. The host star is the quiet M5.5 V star GJ 1002 (relatively faint in the optical, V ~ 13.8 mag, but brighter i…
Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments Are Common
Huber, Daniel; Zhou, Yifan; Tran, Quang H. +10 more
The orientation between a star's spin axis and a planet's orbital plane provides valuable information about the system's formation and dynamical history. For non-transiting planets at wide separations, true stellar obliquities are challenging to measure, but lower limits on spin-orbit orientations can be determined from the difference between the …
JWST MIRI/MRS in-flight absolute flux calibration and tailored fringe correction for unresolved sources
Law, David R.; Álvarez-Márquez, Javier; Vandenbussche, Bart +18 more
Context. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) is one of the four observing modes of JWST/MIRI. Using JWST in-flight data of unresolved (point) sources, we can derive the MRS absolute spectral response function (ASRF) starting from raw data. Spectral fringing, caused by coherent reflections inside the detector arrays, plays a critical role in t…
A radio pulsar phase from SGR J1935+2154 provides clues to the magnetar FRB mechanism
Göğüş, Ersin; Li, Di; Zhu, Weiwei +34 more
The megajansky radio burst, FRB 20200428, and other bright radio bursts detected from the Galactic source SGR J1935+2154 suggest that magnetars can make fast radio bursts (FRBs), but the emission site and mechanism of FRB-like bursts are still unidentified. Here, we report the emergence of a radio pulsar phase of the magnetar 5 months after FRB 20…