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Probing the Crust of the Neutron Star in EXO 0748-676
Degenaar, N.; Wijnands, R.; Wolff, M. T. +7 more
X-ray observations of quiescent X-ray binaries have the potential to provide insight into the structure and the composition of neutron stars. EXO 0748-676 had been actively accreting for over 24 yr before its outburst ceased in late 2008. Subsequent X-ray monitoring revealed a gradual decay of the quiescent thermal emission that can be attributed …
Renormalization-group improved inflationary scalar electrodynamics and SU(5) scenarios confronted with Planck 2013 and BICEP2 results
Elizalde, E.; Odintsov, S. D.; Pozdeeva, E. O. +1 more
The possibility to construct inflationary models for the renormalization-group (RG) improved potentials corresponding to scalar electrodynamics and to SU(2) and SU(5) models is investigated. In all cases, the tree-level potential, which corresponds to the cosmological constant in the Einstein frame, is seen to be nonsuitable for inflation. Rather …
Calibration of the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Valtchanov, I.; Spencer, L. D.; Wu, R. +21 more
The Herschel Spectral and Photometric REceiver (SPIRE) instrument consists of an imaging photometric camera and an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), both operating over a frequency range of ∼450-1550 GHz. In this paper, we briefly review the FTS design, operation, and data reduction, and describe in detail the approach taken to relativ…
Three Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae behind CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Donahue, Megan; Broadhurst, Tom; Filippenko, Alexei V. +42 more
We report observations of three gravitationally lensed supernovae (SNe) in the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) Multi-Cycle Treasury program. These objects, SN CLO12Car (z = 1.28), SN CLN12Did (z = 0.85), and SN CLA11Tib (z = 1.14), are located behind three different clusters, MACSJ1720.2+3536 (z = 0.391), RXJ1532.9+3021 (z…
Constraining the structure of the transition disk HD 135344B (SAO 206462) by simultaneous modeling of multiwavelength gas and dust observations
Pinte, C.; Ménard, F.; Duchêne, G. +14 more
Context. Constraining the gas and dust disk structure of transition disks, particularly in the inner dust cavity, is a crucial step toward understanding the link between them and planet formation. HD 135344B is an accreting (pre-)transition disk that displays the CO 4.7 µm emission extending tens of AU inside its 30 AU dust cavity.
Aims…
Atmospheric Characterization of Five Hot Jupiters with the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
Deming, Drake; Madhusudhan, Nikku; Ranjan, Sukrit +4 more
We probe the structure and composition of the atmospheres of five hot Jupiter exoplanets using the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument. We use the G141 grism (1.1-1.7 µm) to study TrES-2b, TrES-4b, and CoRoT-1b in transit; TrES-3b in secondary eclipse; and WASP-4b in both. This wavelength region includes a predicted …
Neutrinos and dark energy after Planck and BICEP2: data consistency tests and cosmological parameter constraints
Zhang, Jing-Fei; Zhang, Xin; Geng, Jia-Jia
The detection of the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the BICEP2 experiment implies that the tensor-to-scalar ratio r should be involved in the base standard cosmology. In this paper, we extend the ΛCDM r+neutrino/dark radiation models by replacing the cosmological constant with the dynamical dark energy with constan…
Evidence for Bouncing Evolution Before Inflation After BICEP2
Zhang, Xinmin; Xia, Jun-Qing; Li, Hong +1 more
The BICEP2 Collaboration reports a detection of primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) B mode with a tensor-to-scalar ratio r =0.20-0.05+0.07 (68% C.L.). However, this result disagrees with the recent Planck limit r<0.11 (95% C.L.) on constraining inflation models. In this Letter we consider an inflationary cosmology with a preceding nons…
Geology and composition of the Orientale Basin impact melt sheet
Spudis, Paul D.; Martin, Dayl J. P.; Kramer, Georgiana
Orientale Basin is one of the largest (930 km diameter) and youngest (~3.8 Ga) impact craters on the Moon. As the basin is only partly flooded by mare lava, its floor materials expose a major portion of the basin impact melt sheet, which some previous work has suggested might have undergone igneous differentiation. To test this idea, we remapped t…
Neptune at summer solstice: Zonal mean temperatures from ground-based observations, 2003-2007
de Pater, Imke; Fletcher, Leigh N.; Irwin, Patrick G. J. +3 more
Imaging and spectroscopy of Neptune's thermal infrared emission from Keck/LWS (2003), Gemini-N/MICHELLE (2005); VLT/VISIR (2006) and Gemini-S/TReCS (2007) is used to assess seasonal changes in Neptune's zonal mean temperatures between Voyager-2 observations (1989, heliocentric longitude Ls = 236 °) and southern summer solstice (2005, L<…