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Assessing the mineralogy of the watershed and fan deposits of the Jezero crater paleolake system, Mars
Mustard, John F.; Goudge, Timothy A.; Head, James W. +2 more
We present results from geomorphic mapping and visible to near-infrared spectral analyses of the Jezero crater paleolake basin and its associated watershed. The goal of this study is to understand the provenance of the sedimentary deposits within this open-basin lake using a source-to-sink approach. Two fan deposits located within the basin have d…
Molecular nitrogen in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko indicates a low formation temperature
Wurz, P.; Bochsler, P.; Altwegg, K. +29 more
Molecular nitrogen (N2) is thought to have been the most abundant form of nitrogen in the protosolar nebula. It is the main N-bearing molecule in the atmospheres of Pluto and Triton and probably the main nitrogen reservoir from which the giant planets formed. Yet in comets, often considered the most primitive bodies in the solar system,…
Ensemble Modeling of CMEs Using the WSA-ENLIL+Cone Model
Jian, L. K.; Odstrcil, D.; Zheng, Y. +8 more
Ensemble modeling of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) provides a probabilistic forecast of CME arrival time that includes an estimation of arrival-time uncertainty from the spread and distribution of predictions and forecast confidence in the likelihood of CME arrival. The real-time ensemble modeling of CME propagation uses the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA…
Are Ultra-faint Galaxies at z = 6-8 Responsible for Cosmic Reionization? Combined Constraints from the Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and Parallels
Richard, Johan; Schaerer, Daniel; Kneib, Jean-Paul +8 more
We use deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the Frontier Fields to accurately measure the galaxy rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) in the redshift range z ∼ 6-8. We combine observations in three lensing clusters, A2744, MACS 0416, and MACS 0717, and their associated parallel fields to select high-redshift dropout candidates. We …
The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. III. A Quintuple Stellar Population in NGC 2808
Anderson, J.; Milone, A. P.; Marino, A. F. +9 more
In this study we present the first results from multi-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the Galactic globular cluster (GC) NGC 2808 as an extension of the Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic GCs (GO-13297 and previous proprietary and HST archive data). Our analysis allowed us to disclose a multiple-stellar-pop…
The Light Curve of the Macronova Associated with the Long-Short Burst GRB 060614
Li, Xiang; Jin, Zhi-Ping; Covino, Stefano +3 more
The Swift-detected GRB 060614 was a unique burst that straddles an imaginary divide between long- and short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and its physical origin has been heavily debated over the years. Recently, a distinct, very soft F814W-band excess at t∼ 13.6 days after the burst was identified in a joint-analysis of VLT and Hubble Space T…
Filament identification through mathematical morphology
Koch, Eric W.; Rosolowsky, Erik W.
We present a new algorithm for detecting filamentary structure FILFINDER. The algorithm uses the techniques of mathematical morphology for filament identification, presenting a complementary approach to current algorithms which use matched filtering or critical manifolds. Unlike other methods, FILFINDER identifies filaments over a wide dynamic ran…
Observing Inflationary Reheating
Ringeval, Christophe; Martin, Jérôme; Vennin, Vincent
Reheating is the epoch which connects inflation to the subsequent hot big-bang phase. Conceptually very important, this era is, however, observationally poorly known. We show that the current Planck satellite measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies constrain the kinematic properties of the reheating era for most of the i…
Discovery of a 3.5 keV line in the Galactic Centre and a critical look at the origin of the line across astronomical targets
Profumo, Stefano; Jeltema, Tesla
We examine the claimed excess X-ray line emission near 3.5 keV including both a new analysis of XMM-Newton observations of the Milky Way centre and a reanalysis of the data on M 31 and clusters. In no case do we find conclusive evidence for an excess. In the case of the Galactic Centre, we show that known plasma lines, including in particular K XV…
Hubble Frontier Fields First Complete Cluster Data: Faint Galaxies at z ~ 5-10 for UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Reionization
Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Shimasaku, Kazuhiro +3 more
We present comprehensive analyses of faint dropout galaxies up to z ~ 10 with the first full-depth data set of the A2744 lensing cluster and parallel fields observed by the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program. We identify 54 dropouts at z ~ 5-10 in the HFF fields and enlarge the size of the z ~ 9 galaxy sample obtained to date. Although the numbe…