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Bounds on very low reheating scenarios after Planck
Lattanzi, M.; de Salas, P. F.; Miele, G. +3 more
We consider the case of very low reheating scenarios [TRH∼O (MeV ) ] with a better calculation of the production of the relic neutrino background (with three-flavor oscillations). At 95% confidence level, a lower bound on the reheating temperature TRH>4.1 MeV is obtained from big bang nucleosynthesis, while TRH&…
Gaia FGK benchmark stars: Effective temperatures and surface gravities
Gustafsson, B.; Soubiran, C.; Heiter, U. +3 more
Context. In the era of large Galactic stellar surveys, carefully calibrating and validating the data sets has become an important and integral part of the data analysis. Moreover, new generations of stellar atmosphere models and spectral line formation computations need to be subjected to benchmark tests to assess any progress in predicting stella…
Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z = 4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
Buat, Véronique; Daddi, Emanuele; Ilbert, Olivier +19 more
We aim to measure the average dust and molecular gas content of massive star-forming galaxies (>3 × 1010M⊙) up to z = 4 in the COSMOS field to determine if the intense star formation observed at high redshift is induced by major mergers or is caused by large gas reservoirs. Firstly, we measured the evolution of the average…
Obscuration-dependent Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
Nandra, Kirpal; Aird, James; Liu, Zhu +9 more
We aim to constrain the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as a function of obscuration using an X-ray-selected sample of ~2000 AGNs from a multi-tiered survey including the CDFS, AEGIS-XD, COSMOS, and XMM-XXL fields. The spectra of individual X-ray sources are analyzed using a Bayesian methodology with a physically realistic model to infe…
Evidence for mature bulges and an inside-out quenching phase 3 billion years after the Big Bang
Wuyts, S.; Förster Schreiber, N. M.; Genzel, R. +14 more
Most present-day galaxies with stellar masses ≥1011 solar masses show no ongoing star formation and are dense spheroids. Ten billion years ago, similarly massive galaxies were typically forming stars at rates of hundreds solar masses per year. It is debated how star formation ceased, on which time scales, and how this “quenching” relate…
Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun
Accolla, Mario; Altobelli, Nicolas; Bertaux, Jean-Loup +78 more
Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Between 3.6 and 3.4 astro…
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, a Jupiter family comet with a high D/H ratio
Wurz, P.; Bochsler, P.; Altwegg, K. +29 more
The provenance of water and organic compounds on Earth and other terrestrial planets has been discussed for a long time without reaching a consensus. One of the best means to distinguish between different scenarios is by determining the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios in the reservoirs for comets and Earth’s oceans. Here, we report the direct i…
Stellar Masses from the CANDELS Survey: The GOODS-South and UDS Fields
Wuyts, S.; Lee, S. -K.; Cooper, M. C. +35 more
We present the public release of the stellar mass catalogs for the GOODS-S and UDS fields obtained using some of the deepest near-IR images available, achieved as part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey project. We combine the effort from 10 different teams, who computed the stellar masses using the same photomet…
The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta
Langevin, Y.; Bellucci, G.; Jaumann, R. +75 more
The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared…
Lyα Emission from Green Peas: The Role of Circumgalactic Gas Density, Covering, and Kinematics
Martin, Crystal L.; Scarlata, Claudia; Henry, Alaina +1 more
We report Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations of the Lyα emission and interstellar absorption lines in a sample of 10 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.2. Selected on the basis of high equivalent width optical emission lines, the sample, dubbed "Green Peas," make some of the best analogs for young galaxies in an early univ…