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Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives
Torbert, R. B.; Burch, J. L.; Moore, T. E. +1 more
Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), a NASA four-spacecraft constellation mission launched on March 12, 2015, will investigate magnetic reconnection in the boundary regions of the Earth's magnetosphere, particularly along its dayside boundary with the solar wind and the neutral sheet in the magnetic tail. The most important goal of MMS is to conduct a…
Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results
Böhringer, H.; Kneissl, R.; Kim, J. +367 more
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013. In February 2015, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the second set of cosmology pr…
The COSMOS2015 Catalog: Exploring the 1 < z < 6 Universe with Half a Million Galaxies
Aussel, H.; Le Floc'h, E.; Sanders, D. B. +34 more
We present the COSMOS201524 catalog, which contains precise photometric redshifts and stellar masses for more than half a million objects over the 2deg2 COSMOS field. Including new {{YJHK}}{{s}} images from the UltraVISTA-DR2 survey, Y-band images from Subaru/Hyper-Suprime-Cam, and infrared data from the Spitzer La…
Planck 2015 results. XI. CMB power spectra, likelihoods, and robustness of parameters
Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Boulanger, F.; Bernard, J. -P. +221 more
This paper presents the Planck 2015 likelihoods, statistical descriptions of the 2-point correlationfunctions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization fluctuations that account for relevant uncertainties, both instrumental and astrophysical in nature. They are based on the same hybrid approach used for the previous rel…
Planck 2015 results. XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity
Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Bernard, J. -P.; Planck Collaboration +234 more
We study the implications of Planck data for models of dark energy (DE) and modified gravity (MG) beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario. We start with cases where the DE only directly affects the background evolution, considering Taylor expansions of the equation of state w(a), as well as principal component analysis and parameterizat…
Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status
Fields, Brian D.; Cyburt, Richard H.; Olive, Keith A. +1 more
Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. A brief overview of the essentials of this physics is given, and new calculations presented of light-element abundances through 6Li and 7Li, with u…
A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion
Deming, Drake; Nikolov, Nikolay; Fortney, Jonathan J. +18 more
Thousands of transiting exoplanets have been discovered, but spectral analysis of their atmospheres has so far been dominated by a small number of exoplanets and data spanning relatively narrow wavelength ranges (such as 1.1-1.7 micrometres). Recent studies show that some hot-Jupiter exoplanets have much weaker water absorption features in their n…
Planck 2015 results. XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts
Kneissl, R.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Bernard, J. -P. +233 more
We present cluster counts and corresponding cosmological constraints from the Planck full mission data set. Our catalogue consists of 439 clusters detected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal down to a signal-to-noise ratio of 6, and is more than a factor of 2 larger than the 2013 Planck cluster cosmology sample. The counts are consistent with…
Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
Kim, J.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Boulanger, F. +239 more
The Planck full mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps are analysed to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three classes of optimal bispectrum estimators - separable template-fitting (KSW), binned, and modal - we obtain consistent values for the primordial local, equilateral, and…
Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
Böhringer, H.; Kneissl, R.; Dahle, H. +257 more
We present the all-sky Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources detected from the 29 month full-mission data. The catalogue (PSZ2) is the largest SZ-selected sample of galaxy clusters yet produced and the deepest systematic all-sky surveyof galaxy clusters. It contains 1653 detections, of which 1203 are confirmed clusters with identified…