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Climatology of SO2 and UV absorber at Venus' cloud top from SPICAV-UV nadir dataset
Montmessin, Franck; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Korablev, Oleg +6 more
Following our previous work (Marcq et al., 2013, 2011), we have updated our forward radiative transfer code and processed the whole SPICAV-UV/Venus Express nadir dataset (2006-2014) in order to retrieve SO2 abundance at cloud top - assuming a SO2 decreasing scale height of 3 km and a ratio SO/SO2 tied to 10% - as w…
An ultra-massive white dwarf with a mixed hydrogen-carbon atmosphere as a likely merger remnant
Gänsicke, B. T.; Dhillon, V. S.; Tremblay, P. -E. +11 more
White dwarfs are dense, cooling stellar embers consisting mostly of carbon and oxygen1, or oxygen and neon (with a few per cent carbon) at higher initial stellar masses2. These stellar cores are enveloped by a shell of helium, which in turn, is usually surrounded by a layer of hydrogen, generally prohibiting direct observatio…
Asteroseismology of luminous red giants with Kepler I: long-period variables with radial and non-radial modes
Huber, Daniel; Bedding, Timothy R.; Stello, Dennis +4 more
While long-period variables (LPVs) have been extensively investigated, especially with MACHO and OGLE data for the Magellanic Clouds, there still exist open questions in their pulsations regarding the excitation mechanisms, radial order, and angular degree assignment. Here, we perform asteroseismic analyses on LPVs observed by the 4-year Kepler mi…
The little things matter: relating the abundance of ultrafaint satellites to the hosts' assembly history
Belokurov, Vasily; Deason, Alis J.; Bose, Sownak +1 more
Ultrafaint dwarf galaxies ( $M_\star \le 10^{5}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ ) are relics of an early phase of galaxy formation. They contain some of the oldest and most metal-poor stars in the Universe which likely formed before the epoch of hydrogen reionization. These galaxies are so faint that they can only be detected as satellites of the Milky Way. They…
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. VI. Evidence for the Long-lived Nonsteady Warp of Nongravitational Scenarios
Wang, H. -F.; López-Corredoira, M.; Huang, Y. +6 more
By combining LAMOST DR4 and Gaia DR2 common red clump stars with age and proper motion, we analyze the amplitude evolution of the stellar warp independently of any assumption with a simple model. The greatest height of the warp disk increases with galactocentric distance in different populations and is dependent on age: the younger stellar populat…
The Mass-Size Relation and the Constancy of GMC Surface Densities in the Milky Way
Lada, Charles J.; Dame, T. M.
We use two existing molecular cloud catalogs derived from the same CO survey and two catalogs derived from local dust extinction surveys to investigate the nature of the giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass-size relation in the Galaxy. We find that the four surveys are well described by MGMC ∼ R2, implying a constant mean surface…
Searching for z > 6.5 Analogs Near the Peak of Cosmic Star Formation
Martin, Crystal L.; Chevallard, Jacopo; Shapley, Alice E. +5 more
Strong [O III]λλ4959,5007 + Hβ emission appears to be typical in star-forming galaxies at z > 6.5. As likely contributors to cosmic reionization, these galaxies and the physical conditions within them are of great interest. At z > 6.5, where Lyα is greatly attenuated by the intergalactic medium, rest-UV metal emission lines provide an altern…
The tale of the tail - disentangling the high transverse velocity stars in Gaia DR2
Amarante, João A. S.; Smith, Martin C.; Boeche, Corrado
Although the stellar halo accounts for just ∼1 per cent of the total stellar mass of the Milky Way, the kinematics of halo stars encode valuable information about the origins and evolution of our Galaxy. It has been shown that the high transverse velocity stars in Gaia DR2 reveal a double sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, indicatin…
ISPY-NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. Survey description and results from the first 2.5 years of observations
Queloz, D.; Quanz, S. P.; Avenhaus, H. +21 more
Context. The occurrence rate of long-period (a ≳ 50 au) giant planets around young stars is highly uncertain since it is not only governed by the protoplanetary disc structure and planet formation process, but also reflects both dynamical re-structuring processes after planet formation as well as possible capture of planets not formed in situ. Dir…
Rapid late-time X-ray brightening of the tidal disruption event OGLE16aaa
Kajava, Jari J. E.; Miniutti, Giovanni; Giustini, Margherita +1 more
Stars that pass too close to a super-massive black hole may be disrupted by strong tidal forces. OGLE16aaa is one such tidal disruption event (TDE) which rapidly brightened and peaked in the optical/UV bands in early 2016 and subsequently decayed over the rest of the year. OGLE16aaa was detected in an XMM-Newton X-ray observation on June 9, 2016 w…