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Chemo-dynamics of outer halo dwarf stars, including Gaia-Sausage and Gaia-Sequoia candidates
Monty, Stephanie; Venn, Kim A.; Lane, James M. M. +2 more
The low-metallicity, kinematically interesting dwarf stars studied by Stephens & Boesgaard (2002, SB02) are re-examined using Gaia DR2 astrometry, and updated model atmospheres and atomic line data. New stellar parameters are determined based on the Gaia DR2 parallactic distances and Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database isochrones. These are i…
Mitigation of LEO Satellite Brightness and Trail Effects on the Rubin Observatory LSST
Yoachim, Peter; Tyson, J. Anthony; Ivezić, Željko +8 more
We report studies on the mitigation of optical effects of bright low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites on Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). These include options for pointing the telescope to avoid satellites, laboratory investigations of bright trails on the Rubin Observatory LSST camera sensors, algorithms for …
A transition between the hot and the ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres
Désert, Jean-Michel; Mansfield, Megan; Parmentier, Vivien +6 more
A key hypothesis in the field of exoplanet atmospheres is the trend of atmospheric thermal structure with planetary equilibrium temperature. We explore this trend and report here the first statistical detection of a transition in the near-infrared atmospheric emission between hot and ultra-hot Jupiters. We measure this transition using secondary e…
X-shooter survey of disk accretion in Upper Scorpius. I. Very high accretion rates at age > 5 Myr
Lodato, G.; Pascucci, I.; Fedele, D. +14 more
Determining the mechanisms that drive the evolution of protoplanetary disks is a necessary step toward understanding how planets form. For this work, we measured the mass accretion rate for young stellar objects with disks at age > 5 Myr, a critical test for the current models of disk evolution. We present the analysis of the spectra of 36 targ…
Elevated ionizing photon production efficiency in faint high-equivalent-width Lyman-α emitters
Bacon, Roland; Inami, Hanae; Brinchmann, Jarle +16 more
While low-luminosity galaxies dominate number counts at all redshifts, their contribution to cosmic reionization is poorly understood due to a lack of knowledge of their physical properties. We isolate a sample of 35 z ≈ 4-5 continuum-faint Lyman-α emitters from deep VLT/MUSE spectroscopy and directly measure their H α emission using stacked Spitz…
Is multiphase gas cloudy or misty?
Gronke, Max; Oh, S. Peng
Cold T ∼ 104 K gas morphology could span a spectrum ranging from large discrete clouds to a fine 'mist' in a hot medium. This has myriad implications, including dynamics and survival, radiative transfer, and resolution requirements for cosmological simulations. Here, we use 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study the pressure-driven fragme…
The first six months of the Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run with GRANDMA
Bertin, E.; Kann, D. A.; Berthier, J. +74 more
We present the Global Rapid Advanced Network Devoted to the Multi-messenger Addicts (GRANDMA). The network consists of 21 telescopes with both photometric and spectroscopic facilities. They are connected together thanks to a dedicated infrastructure. The network aims at coordinating the observations of large sky position estimates of transient eve…
Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 - I. Distances and absolute magnitudes
Crowther, Paul A.; Rate, Gemma
We obtain distances to 383 Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars from Gaia DR2 parallaxes and Bayesian methods, with a prior based on H II regions and dust extinction. Distances agree with those from Bailer-Jones et al. for stars up to 2 kpc from the Sun, though deviate thereafter due to differing priors, leading to modest reductions in luminosities for …
Disks Around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S). II. Twenty-one new polarimetric images of young stellar disks
van der Plas, G.; Quanz, S. P.; Avenhaus, H. +8 more
Context. Near-IR polarimetric images of protoplanetary disks enable us to characterize substructures that might be due to the interaction with (forming) planets. The available census is strongly biased toward massive disks around old stars, however.
Aims: The DARTTS program aims at alleviating this bias by imaging a large number of T Tauri st…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two planets on opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780
Tamura, M.; Nagel, E.; Amado, P. J. +97 more
We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d⋆ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using …