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2.5D retrieval of atmospheric properties from exoplanet phase curves: application to WASP-43b observations
Irwin, Patrick G. J.; Aigrain, Suzanne; Parmentier, Vivien +4 more
We present a novel retrieval technique that attempts to model phase curve observations of exoplanets more realistically and reliably, which we call the 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) approach. In our 2.5D approach we retrieve the vertical temperature profile and mean gaseous abundance of a planet at all longitudes and latitudes simultaneously, assuming th…
A measurement of water vapour amid a largely quiescent environment on Europa
Villanueva, G. L.; Roth, L.; Paganini, L. +4 more
Previous investigations proved the existence of local density enhancements in Europa's atmosphere, advancing the idea of a possible origination from water plumes. These measurement strategies, however, were sensitive either to total absorption or atomic emissions, which limited the ability to assess the water content. Here we present direct search…
Stellar clustering shapes the architecture of planetary systems
Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Longmore, Steven N.; Chevance, Mélanie +1 more
Planet formation is generally described in terms of a system containing the host star and a protoplanetary disk1-3, of which the internal properties (for example, mass and metallicity) determine the properties of the resulting planetary system4. However, (proto)planetary systems are predicted5,6 and observed7,…
The R-Process Alliance: First Magellan/MIKE Release from the Southern Search for R-process-enhanced Stars
Beers, Timothy C.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T. +9 more
Extensive progress has recently been made in our understanding of heavy-element production via the r-process in the universe, specifically with the first observed neutron star binary merger (NSBM) event associated with the gravitational-wave signal detected by LIGO, GW170817. The chemical abundance patterns of metal-poor r-process-enhanced stars p…
ALMA reveals a large structured disk and nested rotating outflows in DG Tauri B
Dougados, C.; Louvet, F.; Cabrit, S. +3 more
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations at 14-20 au spatial resolution of the disk and CO(2-1) outflow around the Class I protostar DG Tau B in Taurus. The disk is very large, both in dust continuum (Reff, 95% = 174 au) and CO (RCO = 700 au). It shows Keplerian rotation around a 1.1 ± 0.2 M⊙<…
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. III. Substructures in Protostellar Disks
Sheehan, Patrick D.; Megeath, S. Thomas; Looney, Leslie W. +2 more
The prevalence of substructures in ∼1-10 Myr old protoplanetary disks, which are often linked to planet formation, has raised the question of how early such features form and, as a corollary, how early planet formation begins. Here we present observations of seven protostellar disks (aged ∼ 0.1-1 Myr) from the Very Large Array/Atacama Large Millim…
Anticorrelation between the Bulk Speed and the Electron Temperature in the Pristine Solar Wind: First Results from the Parker Solar Probe and Comparison with Helios
Maksimovic, M.; Bale, S. D.; Štverák, Š. +25 more
We discuss the solar wind electron temperatures Te as measured in the nascent solar wind by Parker Solar Probe during its first perihelion pass. The measurements have been obtained by fitting the high-frequency part of quasi-thermal noise spectra recorded by the Radio Frequency Spectrometer. In addition we compare these measurements wit…
Strong Lens Models for 37 Clusters of Galaxies from the SDSS Giant Arcs Survey
Mahler, Guillaume; Rigby, Jane R.; Whitaker, Katherine E. +13 more
We present strong gravitational lensing models for 37 galaxy clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Giant Arcs Survey. We combine data from multi-band Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging, with ground-based imaging and spectroscopy from Magellan, Gemini, Apache Point Observatory, and the Multiple Mirror Telescope, in order…
Explanation for the Increase in High-Altitude Water on Mars Observed by NOMAD During the 2018 Global Dust Storm
Aoki, S.; Vandaele, A. C.; Daerden, F. +21 more
The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on board ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter measured a large increase in water vapor at altitudes in the range of 40-100 km during the 2018 global dust storm on Mars. Using a three-dimensional general circulation model, we examine the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of water vapor in…
The ESO supernovae type Ia progenitor survey (SPY). The radial velocities of 643 DA white dwarfs
Leibundgut, B.; Reimers, D.; Heber, U. +13 more
Close double degenerate binaries are one of the favoured progenitor channels for type Ia supernovae, but it is unclear how many suitable systems there are in the Galaxy. We report results of a large radial velocity survey for double degenerate (DD) binaries using the UVES spectrograph at the ESO VLT (ESO SN Ia Progenitor surveY - SPY). Exposures t…