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The Influence of Metallicity on the Leavitt Law from Geometrical Distances of Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud Cepheids
Breuval, Louise; Gieren, Wolfgang; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz +7 more
The Cepheid period-luminosity (PL) relation is the key tool for measuring astronomical distances and for establishing the extragalactic distance scale. In particular, the local value of the Hubble constant (H0) strongly depends on Cepheid distance measurements. The recent Gaia Data Releases and other parallax measurements from the Hubbl…
Spectral Shapes of the Lyα Emission from Galaxies. I. Blueshifted Emission and Intrinsic Invariance with Redshift
Scarlata, Claudia; Gronke, Max; Hayes, Matthew J. +1 more
We demonstrate the redshift evolution of the spectral profile of H I Lyα emission from star-forming galaxies. In this first study we pay special attention to the contribution of blueshifted emission. At redshift z = 2.9-6.6, we compile spectra of a sample of 229 Lyα-selected galaxies identified with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer at the Ver…
Co-formation of the thin and thick discs revealed by APOGEE-DR16 and Gaia-DR2
Debattista, Victor P.; Amarante, João A. S.; Beraldo e Silva, Leandro +2 more
Since thin disc stars are younger than thick disc stars on average, the thin disc is predicted by some models to start forming after the thick disc had formed, around 10 Gyr ago. Accordingly, no significant old thin disc population should exist. Using 6D coordinates from Gaia-DR2 and age estimates from Sanders & Das, we select ∼24 000 old star…
A new high-precision strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403. Robust characterization of the cluster mass distribution from VLT/MUSE deep observations
Grillo, C.; Tozzi, P.; Rosati, P. +8 more
We present a new high-precision parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403, at z = 0.396, which takes advantage of the MUSE Deep Lensed Field (MDLF), with 17.1 h integration in the northeast region of the cluster, and Hubble Frontier Fields data. We spectroscopically identify 182 multiple images from 48 background sour…
X-ray irradiation and evaporation of the four young planets around V1298 Tau
Mallonn, M.; Poppenhaeger, K.; Ketzer, L.
Planets around young stars are thought to undergo atmospheric evaporation due to the high magnetic activity of the host stars. Here we report on X-ray observations of V1298 Tau, a young star with four transiting exoplanets. We use X-ray observations of the host star with Chandra and ROSAT to measure the current high-energy irradiation level of the…
Calibration of the Hα Age-Activity Relation for M Dwarfs
Angus, Ruth; Kiman, Rocio; Mann, Andrew W. +6 more
In this work, we calibrate the relationship between Hα emission and M dwarf ages. We compile a sample of 892 M dwarfs with Hα equivalent width (Hα EW) measurements from the literature that are either comoving with a white dwarf of known age (21 stars) or in a known young association (871 stars). In this sample we identify 7 M dwarfs that are new c…
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). IV. Three Small Planets Orbiting a 120 Myr Old Star in the Pisces-Eridanus Stream
Torres, Guillermo; Vanderburg, Andrew; Gorjian, Varoujan +50 more
Young exoplanets can offer insight into the evolution of planetary atmospheres, compositions, and architectures. We present the discovery of the young planetary system TOI 451 (TIC 257605131, Gaia DR2 4844691297067063424). TOI 451 is a member of the 120 Myr old Pisces-Eridanus stream (Psc-Eri). We confirm membership in the stream with its kinemati…
SOAR TESS Survey. II. The Impact of Stellar Companions on Planetary Populations
Ziegler, Carl; Tokovinin, Andrei; Mann, Andrew W. +3 more
We present the results of the second year of exoplanet candidate host speckle observations from the SOAR TESS survey. We find 89 of the 589 newly observed TESS planet candidate hosts have companions within 3″, resulting in light-curve dilution, that, if not accounted for, leads to underestimated planetary radii. We combined these observations with…
A Number of nearby Moving Groups May Be Fragments of Dissolving Open Clusters
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Moranta, Leslie +1 more
We propose that 14 co-moving groups of stars uncovered by Kounkel & Covey may be related to known nearby moving groups and bridge those and nearby open clusters with similar ages and space velocities. This indicates that known nearby moving groups may be spatially much more extended than previously thought, and some of them might be parts of t…
First year of energetic particle measurements in the inner heliosphere with Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector
Kulkarni, S. R.; Lario, D.; Vainio, R. +45 more
Context. Solar Orbiter strives to unveil how the Sun controls and shapes the heliosphere and fills it with energetic particle radiation. To this end, its Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) has now been in operation, providing excellent data, for just over a year.
Aims: EPD measures suprathermal and energetic particles in the energy range from …