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The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Stellar atmospheric parameters of target stars with SteParSyn
Nagel, E.; Amado, P. J.; Caballero, J. A. +24 more
We determined effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities for a sample of 343 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES, the double-channel, high-resolution spectrograph installed at the 3.5 m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory. We employed SteParSyn, a Bayesian spectral synthesis implementation particularly designed to infer the stellar a…
A non-energetic mechanism for glycine formation in the interstellar medium
van Dishoeck, E. F.; Kofman, V.; Ioppolo, S. +8 more
The detection of the amino acid glycine and its amine precursor methylamine on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the Rosetta mission provides strong evidence for a cosmic origin of amino acids on Earth. How and when such molecules form along the process of star formation remains debated. Here we report the laboratory detection of glycine form…
A gravitationally lensed supernova with an observable two-decade time delay
Richard, Johan; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Brammer, Gabriel B. +5 more
When the light from a distant object passes very near to a foreground galaxy or cluster, gravitational lensing can cause it to appear as multiple images on the sky1. If the source is variable, it can be used to constrain the cosmic expansion rate2 and dark energy models3. Achieving these cosmological goals requires…
The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey. Final data release of 2087 spectra and spectroscopic measurements
Maccagni, D.; Cimatti, A.; Elbaz, D. +94 more
VANDELS is an ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey designed to build a sample of high-signal-to-noise ratio, medium-resolution spectra of galaxies at redshifts between 1 and 6.5. Here we present the final Public Data Release of the VANDELS Survey, comprising 2087 redshift measurements. We provide a detailed description of sample selection, observations…
Where Is the Water? Jupiter-like C/H Ratio but Strong H2O Depletion Found on τ Boötis b Using SPIRou
Vandal, Thomas; Doyon, René; Donati, Jean-François +18 more
The present-day envelope of gaseous planets is a relic of how these giant planets originated and evolved. Measuring their elemental composition therefore presents a powerful opportunity to answer long-standing questions regarding planet formation. Obtaining precise observational constraints on the elemental inventory of giant exoplanets has, howev…
Orbital Clustering Identifies the Origins of Galactic Stellar Streams
Conroy, Charlie; Ting, Yuan-Sen; Cargile, Phillip A. +9 more
The origins of most stellar streams in the Milky Way are unknown. With improved proper motions provided by Gaia EDR3, we show that the orbits of 23 Galactic stellar streams are highly clustered in orbital phase space. Based on their energies and angular momenta, most streams in our sample can plausibly be associated with a specific (disrupted) dwa…
Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
Andretta, Vincenzo; Ayres, Thomas R.; Liu, Wei +87 more
The National Science Foundation's Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will revolutionize our ability to measure, understand, and model the basic physical processes that control the structure and dynamics of the Sun and its atmosphere. The first-light DKIST images, released publicly on 29 January 2020, only hint at the extraordinary capabiliti…
Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24
Dumbović, Mateja; Temmer, Manuela; Dissauer, Karin +16 more
This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies of Earth-affecting solar transients in the last decade that encompasses most of solar cycle 24. It is a part of the effort of the International Study of Earth-affecting Solar Transients (ISEST) project, sponsored by the SCOSTEP/VarSITI program (2014–2018). The Sun-Earth is an integrated…
The GALAH survey: effective temperature calibration from the InfraRed Flux Method in the Gaia system
Lewis, Geraint F.; Ting, Yuan-Sen; Casey, Andrew R. +23 more
In order to accurately determine stellar properties, knowledge of the effective temperature of stars is vital. We implement Gaia and 2MASS photometry in the InfraRed Flux Method and apply it to over 360 000 stars across different evolutionary stages in the GALAH DR3 survey. We derive colour-effective temperature relations that take into account th…
Kinematics of Antlia 2 and Crater 2 from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5)
Lewis, Geraint F.; Erkal, Denis; Belokurov, Vasily +15 more
We present new spectroscopic observations of the diffuse Milky Way satellite galaxies Antlia 2 and Crater 2, taken as part of the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5). The new observations approximately double the number of confirmed member stars in each galaxy and more than double the spatial extent of spectroscopic observ…