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Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Fabrika, S. N.; Atapin, K. E.; Vinokurov, A. S. +1 more
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were identified as a separate class of objects in 2000 based on data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These are unique objects: their X-ray luminosities exceed the Eddington limit for a typical stellar-mass black hole. For a long time, the nature of ULXs remained unclear. However, the gradual accumulation of d…
Gaia EDR3 Proper Motions of Milky Way Dwarfs. I. 3D Motions and Orbits
Hammer, Francois; Babusiaux, Carine; Du, Cuihua +5 more
Based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), we estimate the proper motions of 46 dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way (MW). The uncertainties in proper motions, determined by combining both statistical and systematic errors, are smaller by a factor of 2.5 when compared with Gaia Data Release 2. We have derived orbits in four MW potential models that are…
Galactic seismology: the evolving 'phase spiral' after the Sagittarius dwarf impact
Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Tepper-García, Thor
In 2018, the ESA Gaia satellite discovered a remarkable spiral pattern ('phase spiral') in the z - Vz phase plane throughout the solar neighbourhood, where z and Vz are the displacement and velocity of a star perpendicular to the Galactic disc. In response to Binney & Schönrich's analytic model of a disc-crossing satellit…
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. Obscured star formation rate density and main sequence of star-forming galaxies at z > 4
Cimatti, A.; Maiolino, R.; Pozzi, F. +30 more
Star formation rate (SFR) measurements at z > 4 have relied mostly on the rest-frame far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations. The corrections for dust attenuation based on the IRX-β relation are highly uncertain and are still debated in the literature. Hence, rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) observations are necessary to constrain the dust-obscured com…
Resonance sweeping by a decelerating Galactic bar
Schönrich, Ralph; Chiba, Rimpei; Friske, Jennifer K. S.
We provide the first quantitative evidence for the deceleration of the Galactic bar from local stellar kinematics in agreement with dynamical friction by a typical dark matter halo. The kinematic response of the stellar disc to a decelerating bar is studied using secular perturbation theory and test particle simulations. We show that the velocity …
Chemo-kinematics of the Gaia RR Lyrae: the halo and the disc
Belokurov, Vasily; Iorio, Giuliano
We present the results of a multicomponent kinematic model of a large sample of RR Lyrae detected by Gaia. By imposing a fourfold symmetry and employing Gaia proper motions, we are able to infer the behaviour of the velocity ellipsoid between ≈3 and ≈30 kpc from the centre of the Galaxy. We detect the presence of two distinct components: a dominan…
Indications of stellar coronal mass ejections through coronal dimmings
Veronig, Astrid M.; Dissauer, Karin; Hudson, Hugh S. +3 more
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are huge expulsions of magnetized matter from the Sun and stars, traversing space with speeds of millions of kilometres per hour. Solar CMEs can cause severe space weather disturbances and consumer power outages on Earth, whereas stellar CMEs may even pose a hazard to the habitability of exoplanets. Although CMEs ejec…
A Quarter Century of Wind Spacecraft Discoveries
Verscharen, Daniel; Hurley, Kevin; Wicks, Robert T. +11 more
The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA's Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO) - a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the dynamics of the Sun-Earth system. The combination of its longevity (>25 years in service), its diverse complement of instrumentation, and high resolution and accurate measurem…
Characterizing the dust content of disk substructures in TW Hydrae
Huang, J.; Ribas, Á.; Carrasco-González, C. +4 more
Context. A key piece of information to understand the origin and role of protoplanetary disk substructures is their dust content. In particular, disk substructures associated with gas pressure bumps can work as dust traps, accumulating grains and reaching the necessary conditions to trigger the streaming instability.
Aims: In order to shed so…
Gaia Early Data Release 3. The Galactic anticentre
Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +417 more
Aims: We aim to demonstrate the scientific potential of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) for the study of different aspects of the Milky Way structure and evolution and we provide, at the same time, a description of several practical aspects of the data and examples of their usage.
Methods: We used astrometric positions, proper motio…