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Normal, dust-obscured galaxies in the epoch of reionization
Inami, H.; Bowler, R. A. A.; De Looze, I. +26 more
Over the past decades, rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) observations have provided large samples of UV luminous galaxies at redshift (z) greater than 6 (refs. 1-3), during the so-called epoch of reionization. While a few of these UV-identified galaxies revealed substantial dust reservoirs4-7, very heavily dust-obscured sources at …
Multiple subglacial water bodies below the south pole of Mars unveiled by new MARSIS data
Rossi, Angelo Pio; Orosei, Roberto; Cartacci, Marco +10 more
The detection of liquid water by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) at the base of the south polar layered deposits in Ultimi Scopuli has reinvigorated the debate about the origin and stability of liquid water under present-day Martian conditions. To establish the extent of subglacial water in this region, we a…
The Gas Content and Stripping of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Peek, Joshua E. G.; Putman, Mary E. +4 more
The gas content of the complete compilation of Local Group dwarf galaxies (119 within 2 Mpc) is presented using H I survey data. Within the virial radius of the Milky Way (224 kpc here), 53 of 55 dwarf galaxies are devoid of gas to limits of MH I < 104 M⊙. Within the virial radius of M31 (266 kpc), 27 of 30 dwar…
A new measurement of the Hubble constant using Type Ia supernovae calibrated with surface brightness fluctuations
Izzo, Luca; Gall, Christa; Hjorth, Jens +15 more
We present a new calibration of the peak absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) based on the surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) method, aimed at measuring the value of the Hubble constant. We build a sample of calibrating anchors consisting of 24 SNe hosted in galaxies that have SBF distance measurements. Applying a hierarchical Baye…
BepiColombo - Mission Overview and Science Goals
Orsini, S.; Quemerais, E.; Glassmeier, K. -H. +28 more
BepiColombo is a joint mission between the European Space Agency, ESA, and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, to perform a comprehensive exploration of Mercury. Launched on 20th October 2018 from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, the spacecraft is now en route to Mercury.
The Milky Way bar and bulge revealed by APOGEE and Gaia EDR3
Schultheis, M.; Minniti, D.; da Costa, L. N. +23 more
We investigate the inner regions of the Milky Way using data from APOGEE and Gaia EDR3. Our inner Galactic sample has more than 26 500 stars within |XGal|< 5 kpc, |YGal|< 3.5 kpc, |ZGal|< 1 kpc, and we also carry out the analysis for a foreground-cleaned subsample of 8000 stars that is more representative …
The Palomar Transient Factory Core-collapse Supernova Host-galaxy Sample. I. Host-galaxy Distribution Functions and Environment Dependence of Core-collapse Supernovae
Filippenko, Alexei V.; Foley, Ryan J.; Pan, Yen-Chen +54 more
Several thousand core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) of different flavors have been discovered so far. However, identifying their progenitors has remained an outstanding open question in astrophysics. Studies of SN host galaxies have proven to be powerful in providing constraints on the progenitor populations. In this paper, we present all CCSNe dete…
Magnetic fields of M dwarfs
Kochukhov, Oleg
Magnetic fields play a fundamental role for interior and atmospheric properties of M dwarfs and greatly influence terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zones of these low-mass stars. Determination of the strength and topology of magnetic fields, both on stellar surfaces and throughout the extended stellar magnetospheres, is a key ingredien…
A massive stellar bulge in a regularly rotating galaxy 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang
Maiolino, Roberto; Zhang, Zhi-Yu; De Breuck, Carlos +5 more
Cosmological models predict that galaxies forming in the early Universe experience a chaotic phase of gas accretion and star formation, followed by gas ejection due to feedback processes. Galaxy bulges may assemble later via mergers or internal evolution. Here we present submillimeter observations (with spatial resolution of 700 parsecs) of ALESS …
A unicorn in monoceros: the 3 M⊙ dark companion to the bright, nearby red giant V723 Mon is a non-interacting, mass-gap black hole candidate
Strassmeier, K. G.; Weber, M.; Ilyin, I. +18 more
We report the discovery of the closest known black hole candidate as a binary companion to V723 Mon. V723 Mon is a nearby ($d\sim 460\, \rm pc$), bright (V ≃ 8.3 mag), evolved (Teff, giant ≃ 4440 K, and Lgiant ≃ 173 L⊙) red giant in a high mass function, f(M) = 1.72 ± 0.01 M⊙, nearly circular binary (P =…