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The Demographics of Terrestrial Planets in the Venus Zone
Kane, Stephen R.; Dalba, Paul A.; Fetherolf, Tara +7 more
Understanding the physical characteristics of Venus, including its atmosphere, interior, and its evolutionary pathway with respect to Earth, remains a vital component for terrestrial planet evolution models and the emergence and/or decline of planetary habitability. A statistical strategy for evaluating the evolutionary pathways of terrestrial pla…
Multi-spacecraft observations of shocklets at an interplanetary shock
Vainio, R.; Horbury, T.; Dresing, N. +5 more
Interplanetary (IP) shocks are fundamental building blocks of the heliosphere, and the possibility to observe them in situ is crucial to address important aspects of energy conversion for a variety of astrophysical systems. Steepened waves known as shocklets are known to be important structures of planetary bow shocks, but they are very rarely obs…
JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4
Pope, Benjamin J. S.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy +25 more
We report the discovery of the first brown dwarf binary system with a Y dwarf primary, WISE J033605.05-014350.4, observed with NIRCam on JWST with the F150W and F480M filters. We employed an empirical point-spread function binary model to identify the companion, located at a projected separation of 0.″084, position angle of 295°, and with contrast…
Planet engulfment signatures in twin stars
Behmard, Aida; Fuller, Jim; Sevilla, Jason
Planet engulfment can be inferred from enhancement of refractory elements in the photosphere of the engulfing star following accretion of rocky planetary material. Such refractory enrichments are subject to stellar interior mixing processes, namely thermohaline mixing induced by an inverse mean-molecular-weight gradient between the convective enve…
Confirmation of an He I evaporating atmosphere around the 650-Myr-old sub-Neptune HD 235088 b (TOI-1430 b) with CARMENES
Sánchez-López, A.; López-Puertas, M.; Nagel, E. +31 more
HD 235088 (TOI-1430) is a young star known to host a sub-Neptune-sized planet candidate. We validated the planetary nature of HD 235088 b with multiband photometry, refined its planetary parameters, and obtained a new age estimate of the host star, placing it at 600-800 Myr. Previous spectroscopic observations of a single transit detected an exces…
TOI-1859b: A 64 Day Warm Jupiter on an Eccentric and Misaligned Orbit
Bieryla, Allyson; Latham, David W.; Mahadevan, Suvrath +31 more
Warm Jupiters are close-in giant planets with relatively large planet-star separations (i.e., 10 < a/R ⋆ < 100). Given their weak tidal interactions with their host stars, measurements of stellar obliquity may be used to probe the initial obliquity distribution and dynamical history for close-in gas giants. Using spectroscopic obs…
The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds. I. The chemical composition of 206 Small Magellanic Cloud red giant stars
Lardo, C.; Bellazzini, M.; Mucciarelli, A. +4 more
We present the chemical composition of 206 red giant branch stars that are members of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using optical high-resolution spectra collected with the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES-GIRAFFE at the ESO Very Large Telescope. This sample includes stars in three fields that are located in different positions within the paren…
On the Origins of Extreme Velocity Stars as Revealed by Large-scale Galactic Surveys
Huang, Yang; Beers, Timothy C.; Zhang, Hua-Wei +3 more
We assemble a large sample of 12,784 high-velocity stars with total velocity V GSR ≥ 300 km s-1, selected from RAVE DR5, SDSS DR12, LAMOST DR8, APOGEE DR16, GALAH DR2, and Gaia EDR3. In this sample, 52 are marginally hypervelocity star (HVS) candidates that have V GSR exceeding their local escape velocities within …
A Mixture of LBG Overdensities in the Fields of Three 6 < z < 7 Quasars: Implications for the Robustness of Photometric Selection
Finkelstein, Steven L.; Casey, Caitlin M.; Larson, Rebecca L. +5 more
The most luminous quasars at z > 6 are suspected to be both highly clustered and to reside in the most massive dark matter halos in the early universe, making them prime targets to search for galaxy overdensities and/or protoclusters. We search for Lyman-break dropout-selected galaxies using HST WFC3/ACS broadband imaging in the fields of three…
Minutes-duration optical flares with supernova luminosities
Filippenko, Alexei V.; de Boer, Thomas; Magnier, Eugene A. +74 more
In recent years, certain luminous extragalactic optical transients have been observed to last only a few days1. Their short observed duration implies a different powering mechanism from the most common luminous extragalactic transients (supernovae), whose timescale is weeks2. Some short-duration transients, most notably AT201…