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A Complete Sample of 12 Very X-Ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters at z > 0.5
Edge, A. C.; Ebeling, H.; Ma, C. -J. +3 more
We present the statistically complete and cosmologically most relevant subset of the 12 most distant galaxy clusters detected at z>0.5 by the Massive Cluster Survey (MACS). Ten of these systems are new discoveries; only two (MACS J0018.5+1626, aka Cl 0016+1609, and MACS J0454.1-0300, aka MS 0451.6-0305) were previously known. We provide fundame…
On the Magnetic Flux Budget in Low-Corona Magnetic Reconnection and Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections
Qiu, Jiong; Hu, Qiang; Howard, Timothy A. +1 more
We present the first quantitative comparison between the total magnetic reconnection flux in the low corona in the wake of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the magnetic flux in magnetic clouds (MCs) that reach 1 AU 2-3 days after CME onset. The total reconnection flux is measured from flare ribbons, and the MC flux is computed using in situ obser…
GEMS: Galaxy Fitting Catalogs and Testing Parametric Galaxy Fitting Codes: GALFIT and GIM2D
Bell, Eric F.; Somerville, Rachel S.; Wisotzki, Lutz +14 more
In the context of measuring the structures of intermediate-redshift galaxies with HST ACS surveys, we tune, test, and compare two widely used fitting codes (GALFIT and GIM2D) for fitting single-component Sérsic models to both simulated and real galaxy data. Our study focuses on the GEMS survey with the sensitivity of typical HST survey data, and w…
The magnificent seven: magnetic fields and surface temperature distributions
Haberl, Frank
Presently seven nearby radio-quiet isolated neutron stars discovered in ROSAT data and characterized by thermal X-ray spectra are known. They exhibit very similar properties and despite intensive searches their number remained constant since 2001 which led to their name "The Magnificent Seven". Five of the stars exhibit pulsations in their X-ray f…
Using Stellar Limb-Darkening to Refine the Properties of HD 209458b
Knutson, Heather A.; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Charbonneau, David +2 more
We use multiband photometry to refine estimates for the planetary radius and orbital inclination of the transiting planet system HD 209458. We gathered 1066 spectra over four distinct transits with the STIS spectrometer on the Hubble Space Telescope using two gratings with a resolution R=1500 and a combined wavelength range of 290-1030 nm. We divi…
The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region
Luhman, K. L.
I present a new census of the stellar population in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Using optical and near-IR photometry and follow-up spectroscopy, I have discovered 50 new members of Chamaeleon I, expanding the census of known members to 226 objects. Fourteen of these new members have spectral types later than M6, which doubles the number …
COSMOS: Three-dimensional Weak Lensing and the Growth of Structure
Ellis, Richard; Mobasher, Bahram; Leauthaud, Alexie +17 more
We present a three-dimensional cosmic shear analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope COSMOS survey, the largest ever optical imaging program performed in space. We have measured the shapes of galaxies for the telltale distortions caused by weak gravitational lensing and traced the growth of that signal as a function of redshift. Using both 2D and 3D…
Tracking Solar Gravity Modes: The Dynamics of the Solar Core
García, Rafael A.; Turck-Chièze, Sylvaine; Mathur, Savita +5 more
Solar gravity modes have been actively sought because they directly probe the solar core (below 0.2 solar radius), but they have not been conclusively detected in the Sun because of their small surface amplitudes. Using data from the Global Oscillation at Low Frequency instrument, we detected a periodic structure in agreement with the period separ…
Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Imaging of Red and Blue Galaxies at z ~ 2.5: A Correlation between Size and Star Formation Activity from Compact Quiescent Galaxies to Extended Star-forming Galaxies
Wuyts, S.; Förster Schreiber, N. M.; Papovich, C. +13 more
We present HST NICMOS+ACS and Spitzer IRAC+MIPS observations of 41 galaxies at 2<z<3.5 in the FIRES MS 1054 field with red and blue rest-frame optical colors. About half of the galaxies are very compact (effective radii re<1 kpc) at rest-frame optical wavelengths; the others are extended (1 kpc<re<10 kpc). For …
Martian Atmospheric Erosion Rates
Barabash, Stas; Lundin, Rickard; Fedorov, Andrei +1 more
Mars was once wet but is now dry, and the fate of its ancient carbon dioxide atmosphere is one of the biggest puzzles in martian planetology. We have measured the current loss rate due to the solar wind interaction for different species: Q(O+) = 1.6·1023 per second = 4 grams per second (g s-1), Q(O2…