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Orbital period change of Dimorphos due to the DART kinetic impact
Morrell, Nidia; Cheng, Andrew F.; Dominik, Martin +46 more
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft successfully performed the first test of a kinetic impactor for asteroid deflection by impacting Dimorphos, the secondary of near-Earth binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, and changing the orbital period of Dimorphos. A change in orbital period of approximately 7 min was expected if the incident …
JWST Reveals a Population of Ultrared, Flattened Galaxies at 2 ≲ z ≲ 6 Previously Missed by HST
Übler, Hannah; Labbé, Ivo; van Dokkum, Pieter +23 more
With just a month of data, JWST is already transforming our view of the universe, revealing and resolving starlight in unprecedented populations of galaxies. Although "HST-dark" galaxies have previously been detected at long wavelengths, these observations generally suffer from a lack of spatial resolution, which limits our ability to characterize…
Optical and Near-infrared View of Planet-forming Disks and Protoplanets
Ginski, C.; Garufi, A.; Dominik, C. +6 more
In this chapter, we review the breakthrough progress that has been made in the field of high-resolution, high-contrast optical and near-infrared imaging of planet-forming disks. These advancements include the direct detection of protoplanets embedded in disks, and derived limits on planetary masses in others. Morphological substructures, including…
Atmospheric Reconnaissance of TRAPPIST-1 b with JWST/NIRISS: Evidence for Strong Stellar Contamination in the Transmission Spectra
MacDonald, Ryan J.; Espinoza, Néstor; Dang, Lisa +22 more
TRAPPIST-1 is a nearby system of seven Earth-sized, temperate, rocky exoplanets transiting a Jupiter-sized M8.5V star, ideally suited for in-depth atmospheric studies. Each TRAPPIST-1 planet has been observed in transmission both from space and from the ground, confidently rejecting cloud-free, hydrogen-rich atmospheres. Secondary eclipse observat…
Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum
McComas, D. J.; Bale, S. D.; Matteini, L. +55 more
Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA's Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission's primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun's coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate …
JWST/NIRCam Probes Young Star Clusters in the Reionization Era Sunrise Arc
Pirzkal, Nor; Ravindranath, Swara; Mahler, Guillaume +27 more
Star cluster formation in the early universe and its contribution to reionization remains largely unconstrained to date. Here we present JWST/NIRCam imaging of the most highly magnified galaxy known at z ∼ 6, the Sunrise arc. We identify six young massive star clusters (YMCs) with measured radii spanning from ∼20 down to ∼1 pc (corrected for lensi…
A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b
Henning, Thomas; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Carter, Aarynn L. +73 more
Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K (`ultra-hot Jupiters') have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope1-3. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results…
The Demographics, Stellar Populations, and Star Formation Histories of Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxies: Implications for the Progenitors
Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Simha, Sunil; Prochaska, J. Xavier +26 more
We present a comprehensive catalog of observations and stellar population properties for 23 highly secure host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs). Our sample comprises 6 repeating FRBs and 17 apparent nonrepeaters. We present 82 new photometric and 8 new spectroscopic observations of these hosts. Using stellar population synthesis modeling and e…
The ultraviolet continuum slopes (β) of galaxies at z ≃ 8-16 from JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging
Bowler, R. A. A.; McLure, R. J.; Dunlop, J. S. +7 more
We study the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) continuum slopes (β) of galaxies at redshifts 8 < z < 16 (⟨z⟩ = 10), using a combination of JWST ERO and ERS NIRCam imaging and ground-based near-infrared imaging of the COSMOS field. The combination of JWST and ground-based imaging provides a wide baseline in both redshift and absolute UV magnitude (…
Redshift Evolution of Electron Density in the Interstellar Medium at z 0-9 Uncovered with JWST/NIRSpec Spectra and Line-spread Function Determinations
Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Harikane, Yuichi +5 more
We present electron densities n e in the interstellar medium (ISM) of star-forming galaxies at z = 4-9 observed by the JWST/NIRSpec GLASS, Early Release Observations, and CEERS programs. We carefully evaluate the line-spread functions of the NIRSpec instrument as a function of wavelength with the calibration data of a planetary nebula t…