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Methane in Martian atmosphere: Average spatial, diurnal, and seasonal behaviour
Geminale, A.; Formisano, V.; Giuranna, M.
A large number of spectra measured by the planetary Fourier spectrometer aboard the European Mars Express mission have been studied to identify the average properties of methane in the Martian atmosphere. Using the line at 3018 cm -1, we have studied the seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations of methane through the analysis of large …
Large-scale spring deposits on Mars?
van Gasselt, Stephan; Neukum, Gerhard; Hauber, Ernst +5 more
We present a large-scale spring hypothesis for the formation of various enigmatic light-toned deposits (LTDs) on Mars. Layered to massive LTDs occur extensively in Valles Marineris, chaotic terrains, and several large craters, in particular, those located in Arabia Terra. Most of these deposits are not easily explained with either a single process…
Dark Matter and Baryons in the X-Ray Luminous Merging Galaxy Cluster RX J1347.5-1145
Treu, Tommaso; Bradač, Maruša; Schrabback, Tim +12 more
The galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145 is one of the most X-ray luminous and most massive clusters known. This makes it a prime target for studying issues addressing cluster formation and cosmology. Despite the naive expectation that mass estimation for this cluster should be straightforward (high mass and favorable redshift make it an efficient lens;…
A New VLA-Hipparcos Distance to Betelgeuse and its Implications
Harper, Graham M.; Brown, Alexander; Guinan, Edward F.
The distance to the M supergiant Betelgeuse is poorly known, with the Hipparcos parallax having a significant uncertainty. For detailed numerical studies of M supergiant atmospheres and winds, accurate distances are a prerequisite to obtaining reliable estimates for many stellar parameters. New high spatial resolution, multiwavelength, NRAO3<…
Helioseismology of Sunspots: Confronting Observations with Three-Dimensional MHD Simulations of Wave Propagation
Duvall, T. L., Jr.; Gizon, L.; Cameron, R.
The propagation of solar waves through the sunspot of AR 9787 is observed by using temporal cross-correlations of SOHO/MDI Dopplergrams. We then use three-dimensional MHD numerical simulations to compute the propagation of wave packets through self-similar magnetohydrostatic sunspot models. The simulations are set up in such a way as to allow a co…
Planetary period oscillations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Phase relation of equatorial magnetic field oscillations and Saturn kilometric radiation modulation
Dougherty, M. K.; Andrews, D. J.; Cowley, S. W. H. +3 more
We examine the planetary-period oscillations in Saturn's magnetic field observed by the Cassini spacecraft on 23 near-equatorial periapsis passes in the inner magnetosphere spanning October 2004 to July 2006. Overall, we find that the phase of the magnetic oscillations is well organized by the long-timescale modulation phase of Saturn kilometric r…
A Comprehensive View of the 2006 December 13 CME: From the Sun to Interplanetary Space
Liu, Y.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Luhmann, J. G. +7 more
The biggest halo coronal mass ejection (CME) since the Halloween storm in 2003, which occurred on 2006 December 13, is studied in terms of its solar source and heliospheric consequences. The CME was accompanied by an X3.4 flare, EUV dimmings, and coronal waves. It generated significant space weather effects such as an interplanetary shock, radio b…
A Giant Flare from a Soft Gamma Repeater in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
Hurley, K.; von Kienlin, A.; Frederiks, D. D. +6 more
The light curve, energy spectra, energetics, and IPN localization of an exceedingly intense, short-duration, hard-spectrum burst, GRB 070201, obtained from Konus-Wind, INTEGRAL (SPI-ACS), and MESSENGER data are presented. The total fluence of the burst and the peak flux are S = 2.00+ 0.10-0.26 × 10-5 erg cm-2<…
The role of AGN in the colour transformation of galaxies at redshifts z ~ 1
Barmby, P.; Cooper, M. C.; Georgakakis, A. +10 more
We explore the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in establishing and/or maintaining the bimodal colour distribution of galaxies by quenching their star formation and hence, causing their transition from the blue to the red cloud. Important tests for this scenario include (i) the X-ray properties of galaxies in the transition zone between the tw…
Evidence of an extended electron current sheet and its neighboring magnetic island during magnetotail reconnection
Khotyaintsev, Y.; Vaivads, A.; Runov, A. +9 more
We have identified a spatially extended electron current sheet (ECS) and its adjacent magnetic island during a magnetotail reconnection event with no appreciable guide field. This finding is based on data from the four Cluster spacecraft and is enabled by detailed maps of electron distribution functions and DC electric fields within the diffusion …