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The Solar Optical Telescope for the Hinode Mission: An Overview
Ichimoto, K.; Tsuneta, S.; Suematsu, Y. +22 more
The Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) aboard the Hinode satellite (formerly called Solar-B) consists of the Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) and the Focal Plane Package (FPP). The OTA is a 50-cm diffraction-limited Gregorian telescope, and the FPP includes the narrowband filtergraph (NFI) and the broadband filtergraph (BFI), plus the Stokes Spectro-Po…
Extragalactic optical-infrared background radiation, its time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
Rodighiero, G.; Franceschini, A.; Vaccari, M.
Context: The background radiation in the optical and the infrared cause energy loss in the propagation of high energy particles through space. In particular, TeV observations with Cherenkov telescopes of extragalactic sources are influenced by the opacity effects due to the interaction of the very high-energy source photons with the background lig…
Constraints on the Self-Interaction Cross Section of Dark Matter from Numerical Simulations of the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657-56
Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Markevitch, Maxim; Clowe, Douglas +2 more
We compare recent results from X-ray, strong lensing, weak lensing, and optical observations with numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56. X-ray observations reveal a bullet-like subcluster with a prominent bow shock, which gives an estimate for the merger velocity of 4700 km s-1, while lensing results show that t…
Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth
Kalas, Paul; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Graham, James R. +6 more
Fomalhaut, a bright star 7.7 parsecs (25 light-years) from Earth, harbors a belt of cold dust with a structure consistent with gravitational sculpting by an orbiting planet. Here, we present optical observations of an exoplanet candidate, Fomalhaut b. Fomalhaut b lies about 119 astronomical units (AU) from the star and 18 AU of the dust belt, matc…
Confirmation of the Remarkable Compactness of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 2.3: Early-Type Galaxies Did not Form in a Simple Monolithic Collapse
van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Franx, Marijn; Illingworth, Garth D. +9 more
Using deep near-infrared spectroscopy, Kriek et al. found that ~45% of massive galaxies at z ~ 2.3 have evolved stellar populations and little or no ongoing star formation. Here we determine the sizes of these quiescent galaxies using deep, high-resolution images obtained with HST/NIC2 and laser guide star (LGS)-assisted Keck/adaptive optics (AO).…
Submillimeter Galaxies at z ~ 2: Evidence for Major Mergers and Constraints on Lifetimes, IMF, and CO-H2 Conversion Factor
Smail, I.; Lutz, D.; Cimatti, A. +17 more
We report subarcsecond resolution IRAM PdBI millimeter CO interferometry of four z ~ 2 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), and sensitive CO(3-2) flux limits toward three z ~ 2 UV/optically selected star-forming galaxies. The new data reveal for the first time spatially resolved CO gas kinematics in the observed SMGs. Two of the SMGs show double or mult…
Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
Bibring, J. -P.; Arvidson, R. E.; Langevin, Y. +33 more
Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitié) instrument, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains…
From Rings to Bulges: Evidence for Rapid Secular Galaxy Evolution at z ~ 2 from Integral Field Spectroscopy in the SINS Survey
Lutz, D.; Cimatti, A.; Daddi, E. +22 more
We present Hα integral field spectroscopy of well-resolved, UV/optically selected z ~ 2 star-forming galaxies as part of the SINS survey with SINFONI on the ESO VLT. Our laser guide star adaptive optics and good seeing data show the presence of turbulent rotating star-forming outer rings/disks, plus central bulge/inner disk components, whose mass …
The Stellar Mass Assembly of Galaxies from z = 0 to z = 4: Analysis of a Sample Selected in the Rest-Frame Near-Infrared with Spitzer
Barro, Guillermo; Pérez-González, Pablo G.; Rieke, George H. +8 more
Using a sample of ~28,000 sources selected at 3.6-4.5 µm with Spitzer observations of the Hubble Deep Field North, the Chandra Deep Field South, and the Lockman Hole (surveyed area ~664 arcmin2), we study the evolution of the stellar mass content of the universe at 0 < z < 4. We calculate stellar masses and photometric redsh…
GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z ~ 2. II. Superdense passive galaxies: how did they form and evolve?
Berta, S.; Cimatti, A.; Daddi, E. +13 more
Aims: The aim of this work is to investigate the physical, structural and evolutionary properties of old, passive galaxies at z > 1.4 and to place new constraints on massive galaxy formation and evolution.
Methods: We combine ultradeep optical spectroscopy from the GMASS project (Galaxy Mass Assembly ultradeep Spectroscopic Survey) with GOO…