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New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE, Chang'E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS
Jin, Shuanggen; Arivazhagan, Sundaram; Araki, Hiroshi
The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE), Chang'E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sen…
A bright ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 5907
Sutton, Andrew D.; Roberts, Timothy P.; Goad, Michael R. +4 more
We present a multimission X-ray analysis of a bright (peak observed 0.3-10 keV luminosity of ∼6 × 1040 erg s-1), but relatively highly absorbed ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5907. The ULX is spectrally hard in X-rays (Γ ∼ 1.2-1.7, when fitted with an absorbed power law), and has a previousl…
Chandra View of the Warm-hot Intergalactic Medium toward 1ES 1553+113: Absorption-line Detections and Identifications. I.
Piro, L.; Shull, J. M.; Barcons, X. +14 more
We present the first results from our pilot 500 ks Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Large Program observation of the soft X-ray brightest source in the z >~ 0.4 sky, the blazar 1ES 1553+113, aimed to secure the first uncontroversial detections of the missing baryons in the X-rays. We identify a total of 11 possible absorption lines, with…
Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. II. Evidence also in the young NGC 1844?
Anderson, J.; Milone, A. P.; Bedin, L. R. +4 more
We used Hubble Space Telescope observations to study the young cluster NGC 1844 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We estimated the fraction and the mass-ratio distribution of photometric binaries and report that the main sequence presents an intrinsic breadth which cannot be explained only in terms of photometric errors, and is unlikely because…
Phobos 2/ASPERA data revisited: Planetary ion escape rate from Mars near the 1989 solar maximum
Barabash, Stas; Lundin, Rickard; Nilsson, Hans +4 more
Insights about the near-Mars space environment from Mars Express observations have motivated a revisit of the Phobos 2/ASPERA ion data from 1989. We have expanded the analysis to now include all usable heavy ion (O+, O2+, CO2+) measurements from the circular orbits of Phobos 2. Phobos 2/ASPERA ion fluxes in the Martian tail are compared…
On the chemical composition of Titan’s dry lakebed evaporites
Barnes, J. W.; Cordier, D.; Ferreira, A. G.
Titan, the main satellite of Saturn, has an active cycle of methane in its troposphere. Among other evidence for a mechanism of evaporation at work on the ground, dry lakebeds have been discovered. Recent Cassini infrared observations of these empty lakes have revealed a surface composition poor in water ice compared to that of the surrounding ter…
Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509. XI. Reverberation of the Fe Kα line
Kaastra, J. S.; Kriss, G. A.; Arav, N. +17 more
Context. We report on a detailed study of the Fe K emission/absorption complex in the nearby, bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509. The study is part of an extensive XMM-Newton monitoring consisting of 10 pointings (~60 ks each) about once every 4 days, and includes a reanalysis of previous XMM-Newton and Chandra observations.
Aims: We aim at unde…
The Exceptional Soft X-Ray Halo of the Galaxy Merger NGC 6240
Zezas, A.; Elvis, M.; Pellegrini, S. +5 more
We report on a recent ~150 ks long Chandra observation of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy merger NGC 6240, which allows a detailed investigation of the diffuse galactic halo. Extended soft X-ray emission is detected at the 3σ confidence level over a diamond-shaped region with projected physical size of ~110 × 80 kpc, and a single-component therm…
Nonlinear Force-free Magnetic Field Fitting to Coronal Loops with and without Stereoscopy
Aschwanden, Markus J.
We developed a new nonlinear force-free magnetic field (NLFFF) forward-fitting algorithm based on an analytical approximation of force-free and divergence-free NLFFF solutions, which requires as input a line-of-sight magnetogram and traced two-dimensional (2D) loop coordinates of coronal loops only, in contrast to stereoscopically triangulated thr…
Determination of an Upper Limit for the Water Outgassing Rate of Main-belt Comet P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS)
Hartogh, P.; Teyssier, D.; Biver, N. +8 more
A new Main-Belt Comet (MBC) P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS) was discovered on 2012 October 6, approximately one month after its perihelion, by the Pan-STARRS1 survey based in Hawaii. It displayed cometary activity upon its discovery with one hypothesis being that the activity was driven by sublimation of ices; as a result, we searched for emission assumed t…