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The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. III. X-Ray to Infrared Spectra of 11 M and K Stars Hosting Planets
Redfield, Seth; Brown, Alexander; France, Kevin +8 more
We present a catalog of panchromatic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 7 M and 4 K dwarf stars that span X-ray to infrared wavelengths (5 Å -5.5 µm). These SEDs are composites of Chandra or XMM-Newton data from 5-∼50 Å, a plasma emission model from ∼50-100 Å, broadband empirical estimates from 100-1170 Å, Hubble Space Telescope data f…
SZ effects in the Magneticum Pathfinder simulation: comparison with the Planck, SPT, and ACT results
Sunyaev, R.; Dolag, K.; Komatsu, E.
We calculate the one-point probability density distribution functions (PDF) and the power spectra of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ and kSZ) effects and the mean Compton Y parameter using the Magneticum Pathfinder simulations, state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of a large cosmological volume of (896 Mpc h…
The Influence of Nonuniform Cloud Cover on Transit Transmission Spectra
Line, Michael R.; Parmentier, Vivien
We model the impact of nonuniform cloud cover on transit transmission spectra. Patchy clouds exist in nearly every solar system atmosphere, brown dwarfs, and transiting exoplanets. Our major findings suggest that fractional cloud coverage can exactly mimic high mean molecular weight atmospheres and vice versa over certain wavelength regions, in pa…
The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters
Howarth, I. D.; Angus, C. R.; Lennon, D. J. +17 more
We introduce a Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) stellar census of R136a, the central ionizing star cluster of 30 Doradus. We present low resolution far-ultraviolet STIS spectroscopy of R136 using 17 contiguous 52 arcsec × 0.2 arcsec slits which together provide complete coverage of the central 0.85 parsec (3…
Lyman-alpha forests cool warm dark matter
Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Viel, Matteo; Yèche, Christophe +2 more
The free-streaming of keV-scale particles impacts structure growth on scales that are probed by the Lyman-alpha forest of distant quasars. Using an unprecedentedly large sample of medium-resolution QSO spectra from the ninth data release of SDSS, along with a state-of-the-art set of hydrodynamical simulations to model the Lyman-alpha forest in the…
Hubble Imaging of the Ionizing Radiation from a Star-forming Galaxy at Z=3.2 with fesc>50%
Giavalisco, M.; Castellano, M.; Pentericci, L. +20 more
Star-forming galaxies are considered to be the leading candidate sources dominating cosmic reionization at z\gt 7: the search for analogs at moderate redshift showing Lyman continuum (LyC) leakage is currently an active line of research. We have observed a star-forming galaxy at z = 3.2 with Hubble/WFC3 in the F336W filter, corresponding to the 73…
The habitability of Proxima Centauri b. I. Irradiation, rotation and volatile inventory from formation to the present
Guinan, Edward F.; Engle, Scott G.; Reiners, Ansgar +9 more
Proxima b is a planet with a minimum mass of 1.3M⊕ orbiting within the habitable zone (HZ) of Proxima Centauri, a very low-mass, active star and the Sun's closest neighbor. Here we investigate a number of factors related to the potential habitability of Proxima b and its ability to maintain liquid water on its surface. We set the stage …
An HST/COS Survey of the Low-redshift Intergalactic Medium. I. Survey, Methodology, and Overall Results
Savage, Blair D.; Shull, J. Michael; Danforth, Charles W. +12 more
We use high-quality, medium-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) observations of 82 UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts zAGN < 0.85 to construct the largest survey of the low-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) to date: 5138 individual extragalactic absorption lines in H I and 25 di…
Evolution of water production of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: An empirical model and a multi-instrument study
Altwegg, K.; Huang, Z.; Nilsson, H. +24 more
We examine the evolution of the water production of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Rosetta mission (2014 June-2016 May) based on in situ and remote sensing measurements made by Rosetta instruments, Earth-based telescopes and through the development of an empirical coma model. The derivation of the empirical model is described and the m…
An extreme [O III] emitter at z = 3.2: a low metallicity Lyman continuum source
Giavalisco, M.; Castellano, M.; Pentericci, L. +16 more
Aims: Cosmic reionization is an important process occurring in the early epochs of the Universe. However, because of observational limitations due to the opacity of the intergalactic medium to Lyman continuum photons, the nature of ionizing sources is still not well constrained. While high-redshift star-forming galaxies are thought to be the …