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The low-luminosity behaviour of the 4U 0115+63 Be/X-ray transient
Degenaar, N.; Wijnands, R.; Cavecchi, Y. +3 more
The Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63 exhibited a giant, type-II outburst in 2015 October. The source did not decay to its quiescent state but settled in a meta-stable plateau state (a factor ∼ 10 brighter than quiescence) in which its luminosity slowly decayed. We used XMM-Newton to observe the system during this phase and we found that its spectrum …
25 MeV solar proton events in Cycle 24 and previous cycles
Richardson, Ian G.; Cane, Hilary V.; von Rosenvinge, Tycho T.
We summarize observations of around a thousand solar energetic particle (SEP) events since 1967 that include ∼25 MeV protons, made by various near-Earth spacecraft (IMPs 4, 5, 7, 8, ISEE 3, SOHO), that encompass Solar Cycle 20 to the current cycle (24). We also discuss recent observations of similar SEP events in Cycle 24 made by the STEREO spacec…
Key Ground-Based and Space-Based Assets to Disentangle Magnetic Field Sources in the Earth's Environment
Milan, S. E.; Masson, A.; Matzka, J. +1 more
The magnetic field measured on the ground or in space is the addition of several sources: from flows within the Earth's core to electric currents in distant regions of the magnetosphere. Properly separating and characterizing these sources requires appropriate observations, both ground-based and space-based. In the present paper, we review the exi…
Running vacuum cosmological models: linear scalar perturbations
Perico, E. L. D.; Tamayo, D. A.
In cosmology, phenomenologically motivated expressions for running vacuum are commonly parameterized as linear functions typically denoted by Λ(H2) or Λ(R). Such models assume an equation of state for the vacuum given by bar PΛ = - bar rhoΛ, relating its background pressure bar PΛ with its mean energy de…
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy: The coming-of-age
Kaastra, J. S.
Since the launch of Chandra and XMM-Newton, high-resolution X-ray spectra of cosmic sources of all kinds have become available. These spectra have resulted in major scientific breakthroughs. However, due to the techniques used, in general high-quality spectra can only be obtained for the brightest few sources of each class. Moreover, except for th…
Suprathermal helium in corotating interaction regions: combined observations from SOHO/CELIAS/STOF and ACE/SWICS
Bochsler, P.; Klecker, B.; Berger, L. +4 more
Context. Energetic particle enhancements that are associated with corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are typically believed to arise from the sunward propagation of particles that are accelerated by CIR-driven shocks beyond 1 AU. It is expected that these sunward-travelling particles will lose energy and scatter, resulting in a turnover of the …
Gaia eclipsing binary and multiple systems. A study of detectability and classification of eclipsing binaries with Gaia
Rimoldini, L.; Holl, B.; Mowlavi, N. +5 more
Context. In the new era of large-scale astronomical surveys, automated methods of analysis and classification of bulk data are a fundamental tool for fast and efficient production of deliverables. This becomes ever more important as we enter the Gaia era.
Aims: We investigate the potential detectability of eclipsing binaries with Gaia using a…
The Formation of IRIS Diagnostics. IX. The Formation of the C I 135.58 NM Line in the Solar Atmosphere
Carlsson, Mats; Leenaarts, Jorrit; Lin, Hsiao-Hsuan
The C I 135.58 nm line is located in the wavelength range of NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer mission. We study the formation and diagnostic potential of this line by means of non local-thermodynamic-equilibrium modeling, employing both 1D and 3D radiation-magnetohydrodynamic models. The C I/C II ionization balanc…
DREAMS-SIS: The Solar Irradiance Sensor on-board the ExoMars 2016 lander
Toledo, D.; Gómez, L.; Apéstigue, V. +10 more
The Solar Irradiance Sensor (SIS) was part of the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk assessment, and Environment Analyzer on the Martian Surface) payload package on board the ExoMars 2016 Entry and Descent Module (EDM), "Schiaparelli". DREAMS was a meteorological station aimed at the measurement of several atmospheric parameters, as well as the p…
General relativistic observable for gravitational astrometry in the context of the Gaia mission and beyond
Geralico, Andrea; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Crosta, Mariateresa +1 more
With the launch of the Gaia mission, general relativity (GR) is now at the very core of astrometry. Given the high level of accuracy of the measurements, the development of a suitable relativistic model for carrying out the correct data processing and analysis has become a critical necessity; its primary goal is to have a consistent set of stellar…