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Crucial future observations and directions for unveiling magnetopause dynamics and their geospace impacts
Nykyri, Katariina; Shi, Xueling; Hartinger, Michael D. +5 more
The dynamics of Earth's magnetopause, driven by several different external/internal physical processes, plays a major role in the geospace energy budget. Given magnetopause motion couples across many space plasma regions, numerous forms of observations may provide valuable information in understanding these dynamics and their impacts. In-situ mult…
X-ray and optical observations of the millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431–4715
de Martino, D.; Dhillon, V. S.; Rea, N. +7 more
We present the first X-ray observation of the energetic millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431‑4715, performed with XMM-Newton and complemented with fast optical multi-band photometry acquired with the ULTRACAM instrument at ESO-NTT. It is found as a faint X-ray source without a significant orbital modulation. This contrasts with the majority of syst…
Long-period modulation of the classical T Tauri star CI Tau. Evidence for an eccentric close-in massive planet at 0.17 au
Moutou, C.; Carmona, A.; Bayo, A. +13 more
Context. Detecting planets within protoplanetary disks around young stars is essential for understanding planet formation and evolution. However, planet detection using the radial velocity method faces challenges due to the strong stellar activity in these early stages.
Aims: We detect long-term periodicities in photometric and spectroscopic …
An 'alien' called the Oosterhoff dichotomy?
Rejkuba, M.; Clementini, G.; Ripepi, V. +4 more
Aims. In this Letter we investigate the origin of the Oosterhoff dichotomy in light of recent discoveries related to several ancient merging events of external galaxies with the Milky Way (MW). In particular, we aim to clarify if the subdivision in terms of the Oosterhoff type between Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) and field RR Lyrae (RRLs) can…
JWST imaging of the closest globular clusters: III. Multiple populations along the low-mass main-sequence stars of NGC 6397
Salaris, M.; Apai, D.; Anderson, J. +9 more
Thanks to its exceptional near-infrared photometry, JWST can effectively contribute to the discovery, characterisation, and understanding of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters, especially at low masses where the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) faces limitations. This paper continues the efforts of the JWST GO-1979 programme in explorin…
Merger-driven Growth of Intermediate-mass Black Holes: Constraints from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Hyper-luminous X-Ray Sources
Stern, Daniel; Comerford, Julia M.; Barrows, R. Scott +1 more
Hyper-luminous X-ray sources (HLXs) are extragalactic off-nuclear X-ray sources with luminosities exceeding the theoretical limit for accretion onto stellar-mass compact objects. Many HLXs may represent intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) deposited in galaxy halos through mergers, and the properties of the stellar cores surrounding HLXs provide …
Revealing faint compact radio jets at redshifts above 5 with very long baseline interferometry
Ghisellini, G.; Giroletti, M.; An, T. +6 more
Context. Over the past two decades, our knowledge of the high-redshift (z > 5) radio quasars has expanded, thanks to dedicated high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. Distant quasars provide unique information about the formation and evolution of the first galaxies and supermassive black holes in the Universe. Pow…
Reconstructing Intrinsic Stellar Noise with Stellar Atmospheric Parameters and Chromospheric Activity
Xiang, Maosheng; Bi, Shaolan; Li, Yaguang +9 more
Accurately characterizing the intrinsic stellar photometric noise induced by stellar astrophysics, such as stellar activity, granulation, and oscillations, is of crucial importance for detecting transiting exoplanets. In this study, we investigate the relation between the intrinsic stellar photometric noise, quantified by the Kepler combined diffe…
The galaxy group merger origin of the Cloverleaf odd radio circle system
Zhang, X.; Nandra, K.; Merloni, A. +14 more
Odd radio circles (ORCs) are a newly discovered class of extended faint radio sources of unknown origin. We report the first detection of diffuse X-ray gas at the location of a low-redshift ORC (z = 0.046) known as Cloverleaf ORC. This observation was performed with the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope. The physical extent of the diffuse X-ray emission …
A deep-learning approach to the 3D reconstruction of dust density and temperature in star-forming regions
Klessen, Ralf S.; Testi, Leonardo; Hennebelle, Patrick +8 more
Aims: We introduce a new deep-learning approach for the reconstruction of 3D dust density and temperature distributions from multi-wavelength dust emission observations on the scale of individual star-forming cloud cores (<0.2 pc).
Methods: We constructed a training data set by processing cloud cores from the Cloud Factory simulations…