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Direct evidence of multiple reservoirs of volatile nitrogen in a protosolar nebula analogue
Forveille, T.; Hily-Blant, P.; Faure, A. +3 more
Isotopic ratios are keys to understanding the origin and early evolution of the solar system in the context of Galactic nucleosynthesis. The large range of measured 14N/15N isotopic ratios in the solar system reflects distinct reservoirs of nitrogen whose origins remain to be determined. We have directly measured a C14
Standard Galactic Field RR Lyrae. I. Optical to Mid-infrared Phased Photometry
Kollmeier, Juna A.; Madore, Barry F.; Freedman, Wendy L. +6 more
We present a multi-wavelength compilation of new and previously published photometry for 55 Galactic field RR Lyrae variables. Individual studies, spanning a time baseline of up to 30 years, are self-consistently phased to produce light curves in 10 photometric bands covering the wavelength range from 0.4 to 4.5 microns. Data smoothing via the GLO…
An Ultraviolet Excess in the Superluminous Supernova Gaia16apd Reveals a Powerful Central Engine
Berger, E.; Challis, P.; Chornock, R. +5 more
Since the discovery of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) in the last decade, it has been known that these events exhibit bluer spectral energy distributions than other supernova subtypes, with significant output in the ultraviolet. However, the event Gaia16apd seems to outshine even the other SLSNe at rest-frame wavelengths below ∼3000 Å. Yan et al…
A Comprehensive Study of Lyα Emission in the High-redshift Galaxy Population
Blanc, Guillermo A.; Oyarzún, Grecco A.; Mateo, Mario +2 more
We present an exhaustive census of Lyman alpha (Lyα) emission in the general galaxy population at 3< z< 4.6. We use the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) spectrograph to study a stellar mass (M {}* ) selected sample of 625 galaxies homogeneously distributed in the range 7.6< {log} {M}* /{M}⊙ < 10.6.…
Response of Jupiter's auroras to conditions in the interplanetary medium as measured by the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno
Wilson, R. J.; Kurth, W. S.; McComas, D. J. +24 more
We present the first comparison of Jupiter's auroral morphology with an extended, continuous, and complete set of near-Jupiter interplanetary data, revealing the response of Jupiter's auroras to the interplanetary conditions. We show that for ∼1-3 days following compression region onset, the planet's main emission brightened. A duskside poleward r…
The search for multiple populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters - III. No evidence for multiple populations in the SMC cluster NGC 419
Martocchia, S.; Dalessandro, E.; Salaris, M. +16 more
We present the third paper about our ongoing Hubble Space Telescope survey for the search for multiple stellar populations (MPs) within Magellanic Cloud clusters. We report here the analysis of NGC 419, an ∼1.5 Gyr old, massive (≳2 × 105 M⊙) star cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). By comparing our photometric data w…
Two New Calcium-rich Gap Transients in Group and Cluster Environments
Gal-Yam, A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Filippenko, A. V. +20 more
We present the Palomar Transient Factory discoveries and the photometric and spectroscopic observations of PTF11kmb and PTF12bho. We show that both transients have properties consistent with the class of calcium-rich gap transients, specifically lower peak luminosities and rapid evolution compared to ordinary supernovae, and a nebular spectrum dom…
Coronal Holes and Open Magnetic Flux over Cycles 23 and 24
Qiu, Jiong; Lowder, Chris; Leamon, Robert
As the observational signature of the footprints of solar magnetic field lines open into the heliosphere, coronal holes provide a critical measure of the structure and evolution of these lines. Using a combination of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SOHO/EIT), Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging …
Reconciling solar and stellar magnetic cycles with nonlinear dynamo simulations
Strugarek, A.; Beaudoin, P.; Charbonneau, P. +2 more
The Sun's activity, including sun-spot activity, varies on an 11-year cycle driven by changes in its magnetic field. Other nearby solar-type stars have their own cycles, but the Sun does not seem to match their behavior. Strugarek et al. used magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that stellar activity periods should depend on the star's Rossby n…
The Initial Mass Function in the Nearest Strong Lenses from SNELLS: Assessing the Consistency of Lensing, Dynamical, and Spectroscopic Constraints
van Dokkum, Pieter; Conroy, Charlie; Newman, Andrew B. +2 more
We present new observations of the three nearest early-type galaxy (ETG) strong lenses discovered in the SINFONI Nearby Elliptical Lens Locator Survey (SNELLS). Based on their lensing masses, these ETGs were inferred to have a stellar initial mass function (IMF) consistent with that of the Milky Way, not the bottom-heavy IMF that has been reported…