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The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca II K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs
Loyd, R. O. Parke; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Redfield, Seth +18 more
Characterizing the UV spectral energy distribution (SED) of an exoplanet host star is critically important for assessing its planet’s potential habitability, particularly for M dwarfs, as they are prime targets for current and near-term exoplanet characterization efforts and atmospheric models predict that their UV radiation can produce photochemi…
X-rays across the galaxy population - I. Tracing the main sequence of star formation
Georgakakis, A.; Aird, J.; Coil, A. L.
We use deep Chandra imaging to measure the distribution of X-ray luminosities (LX) for samples of star-forming galaxies as a function of stellar mass and redshift, using a Bayesian method to push below the nominal X-ray detection limits. Our luminosity distributions all show narrow peaks at LX ≲ 1042 erg s-1
Gaia Data Release 1. Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars
Prusti, T.; Zucker, S.; Hatzidimitriou, D. +583 more
Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS).
Aims: In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles o…
Analogues of primeval galaxies two billion years after the Big Bang
Castellano, Marco; Fontana, Adriano; Giavalisco, Mauro +30 more
Deep observations are revealing a growing number of young galaxies in the first billion years of cosmic time1. Compared to typical galaxies at later times, they show more extreme emission-line properties2, higher star formation rates3, lower masses4, and smaller sizes5. However, their faintnes…
The global history of reionization
Mesinger, Andrei; Greig, Bradley
Using a Bayesian framework, we quantify what current observations imply about the history of the epoch of reionization (EoR). We use a popular, three-parameter EoR model, flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of physically plausible reionization histories. We study the impact of various EoR observations: (I) the optical depth to the CMB meas…
Reconstruction of Galaxy Star Formation Histories through SED Fitting:The Dense Basis Approach
Gawiser, Eric; Iyer, Kartheik
We introduce the dense basis method for Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting. It accurately recovers traditional SED parameters, including M *, SFR, and dust attenuation, and reveals previously inaccessible information about the number and duration of star formation episodes and the timing of stellar mass assembly, as well as unce…
The Atmospheric Dynamics of Venus
Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín; Imamura, Takeshi; Lebonnois, Sebastien +2 more
We review our current knowledge of the atmospheric dynamics of Venus prior to the Akatsuki mission, in the altitude range from the surface to approximately the cloud tops located at about 100 km altitude. The three-dimensional structure of the wind field in this region has been determined with a variety of techniques over a broad range of spatial …
Lessons from the Onset of a Common Envelope Episode: the Remarkable M31 2015 Luminous Red Nova Outburst
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; MacLeod, Morgan; Grindlay, Jonathan +3 more
This paper investigates the recent stellar-merger transient M31LRN 2015 in the Andromeda galaxy. We analyze published optical photometry and spectroscopy along with a Hubble Space Telescope detection of the color and magnitude of the pre-outburst source. The transient outburst is consistent with dynamically driven ejecta at the onset of a common e…
Coronal Magnetic Field Models
Riley, Pete; Wiegelmann, Thomas; Petrie, Gordon J. D.
Coronal magnetic field models use photospheric field measurements as boundary condition to model the solar corona. We review in this paper the most common model assumptions, starting from MHD-models, magnetohydrostatics, force-free and finally potential field models. Each model in this list is somewhat less complex than the previous one and makes …
ULX spectra revisited: Accreting, highly magnetized neutron stars as the engines of ultraluminous X-ray sources
Vasilopoulos, Georgios; Bachetti, Matteo; Godet, Olivier +3 more
Aims: In light of recent discoveries of pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) and recently introduced theoretical schemes that propose neutron stars (NSs) as the central engines of ULXs, we revisit the spectra of eighteen well known ULXs, in search of indications that favour this newly emerging hypothesis.
Methods: We examine the …