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TOI-2379 b and TOI-2384 b: two super-Jupiter mass planets transiting low-mass host stars
Butler, R. Paul; Jordán, Andrés; Brahm, Rafael +31 more
Short-period gas giant planets have been shown to be significantly rarer for host stars less massive than the Sun. We report the discovery of two transiting giant planets - TOI-2379 b and TOI-2384 b - with low-mass (early M) host stars. Both planets were detected using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and for both the transit signa…
Super-Resolution of SOHO/MDI Magnetograms of Solar Active Regions Using SDO/HMI Data and an Attention-Aided Convolutional Neural Network
Xu, Yan; Wang, Haimin; Wang, Jason T. L. +4 more
Image super-resolution is an important subject in image processing and recognition. Here, we present an attention-aided convolutional neural network for solar image super-resolution. Our method, named SolarCNN, aims to enhance the quality of line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of solar active regions (ARs) collected by the Michelson Doppler Imager (M…
The Gaia ultracool dwarf sample - V: the ultracool dwarf companion catalogue
Smart, R. L.; Pinfield, D. J.; Gagné, Jonathan +4 more
We present the Ultracool Dwarf Companion Catalogue of 278 multiple systems, 32 of which are newly discovered, each with at least one spectroscopically confirmed Ultracool Dwarf, within a 100 pc volume-limited sample. This catalogue is compiled using the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars for stellar primaries and the Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample for lo…
VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab Formed Like a "Failed Star"
Lutz, D.; Genzel, R.; Sturm, E. +94 more
Young, low-mass brown dwarfs orbiting early-type stars, with low mass ratios (q ≲ 0.01), appear to be intrinsically rare and present a formation dilemma: could a handful of these objects be the highest-mass outcomes of "planetary" formation channels (bottom up within a protoplanetary disk), or are they more representative of the lowest-mass "faile…
On the orbital decay of the gas giant Kepler-1658b
Veras, Dimitri; Makarov, Valeri V.; Barker, Adrian J. +1 more
The gas giant Kepler-1658b has been inferred to be spiralling into its sub-giant F-type host star Kepler-1658a (KOI-4). The measured rate of change of its orbital period is $\stackrel{\bf \centerdot }{\textstyle {P}}_{\rm orb}\, =\, -\, 131^{+20}_{-22}\,\rm {ms\,yr^{ -1}}$, which can be explained by tidal dissipation in the star if its modified ti…
Running with the bulls: The frequency of star-disc encounters in the Taurus star-forming region
Benisty, Myriam; Joncour, Isabelle; Winter, Andrew J. +5 more
Context. Stars and planets form in regions of enhanced stellar density, subjecting protoplanetary discs to gravitational perturbations from neighbouring stars. Observations in the Taurus star-forming region have uncovered evidence of at least three recent, star-disc encounters that have truncated discs (HV/DO Tau, RW Aurigae, and UX Tau), raising …
Reassessing the proper motions of M31/M33 with Gaia DR3: Unravelling systematic uncertainties
Martin, Nicolas F.; Rusterucci, Samuel; Starkenburg, Else +1 more
We provide an updated inference of the proper motion of M31 using the Gaia DR3 proper motions of bright stars from the disc of M31. By refining the motion of the quasar reference frame, and statistically accounting for the variations in the inferred proper motions obtained across different regions of M31, we demonstrate that these inconsistencies …
A uniform analysis of debris discs with the Gemini Planet Imager II: constraints on dust density distribution using empirically informed scattering phase functions
Duchêne, G.; Wilner, D. J.; Hom, Justin +40 more
Spatially resolved images of debris discs are necessary to determine disc morphological properties and the scattering phase function (SPF) thatantifies the brightness of scattered light as a function of phase angle. Current high-contrast imaging instruments have successfully resolved several dozens of debris discs around other stars, but few studi…
PDRs4All. VII. The 3.3 µm aromatic infrared band as a tracer of physical properties of the interstellar medium in galaxies
Van De Putte, Dries; Lai, Thomas S. -Y.; Habart, Emilie +12 more
Aromatic infrared bands (AIBs) are a set of broad emission bands at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 µm, seen in the infrared spectra of most galaxies. With the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the 3.3 µm AIB can in principle be detected up to a redshift of ~7. Relating the evolution of the 3.3 µm AIB to local physical proper…
Non-thermal broadening of coronal lines in a 3D MHD loop model
Peter, H.; Solanki, S. K.; De Moortel, I. +2 more
Observed spectral profiles of emission lines from the corona are found to have widths exceeding the thermal line width. To investigate the physical mechanism, we run a 3D magnetohydrodynamics model of a single, straightened loop in which we partially resolve turbulent motions that form in response to the driving by self-consistently evolving magne…