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Inferred Evidence for Dark Matter Kinematic Substructure with SDSS-Gaia
Belokurov, Vasily; Lisanti, Mariangela; Necib, Lina
We use the distribution of accreted stars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey-Gaia DR2 to demonstrate that a nontrivial fraction of the dark matter halo within galactocentric radii of 7.5-10 kpc and | z| > 2.5 {kpc} is in substructure and thus may not be in equilibrium. Using a mixture likelihood analysis, we separate the contributions of an old, isotr…
Core crystallization and pile-up in the cooling sequence of evolving white dwarfs
Hermes, J. J.; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Gentile Fusillo, Nicola Pietro +7 more
White dwarfs are stellar embers depleted of nuclear energy sources that cool over billions of years1. These stars, which are supported by electron degeneracy pressure, reach densities of 107 grams per cubic centimetre in their cores2. It has been predicted that a first-order phase transition occurs during white-dwa…
The KMOS3D Survey: Data Release and Final Survey Paper
Wuyts, E.; Lutz, D.; Wuyts, S. +28 more
We present the completed KMOS3D survey, an integral field spectroscopic survey of 739 {log}({M}\star /{M}⊙ )> 9 galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.7 using the K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (KMOS) at the Very Large Telescope. The KMOS3D survey provides a population-wide census of kinematics, star formati…
Nonparametric Star Formation History Reconstruction with Gaussian Processes. I. Counting Major Episodes of Star Formation
Ferguson, Henry C.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Somerville, Rachel S. +5 more
The star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies contain imprints of the physical processes responsible for regulating star formation during galaxy growth and quenching. We improve the Dense Basis SFH reconstruction method of Iyer & Gawiser, introducing a nonparametric description of the SFH based on the lookback times at which a galaxy assembl…
The Anomalously Low (Sub)Millimeter Spectral Indices of Some Protoplanetary Disks May Be Explained By Dust Self-scattering
Liu, Hauyu Baobab
Previous (sub)millimeter observations have found that the spectral indices of dust emission from some young stellar objects are lower than that of the blackbody emission in the Rayleigh-Jeans limit (i.e., 2.0). In particular, the recent Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations have spatially resolved that the innermost regions of the protoplane…
Synthesis of the morphological description of cometary dust at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Lasue, J.; Langevin, Y.; Krüger, H. +28 more
Before Rosetta, the space missions Giotto and Stardust shaped our view on cometary dust, supported by plentiful data from Earth based observations and interplanetary dust particles collected in the Earth's atmosphere. The Rosetta mission at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was equipped with a multitude of instruments designed to study cometary dust…
Mass and Mass Scalings of Super-Earths
Wu, Yanqin
The majority of the transiting planets discovered by the Kepler mission (called super-Earths here, includes the so-called “sub-Neptunes”) orbit close to their stars. As such, photoevaporation of their hydrogen envelopes etches sharp features in an otherwise bland space spanned by planet radius and orbital period. This, in turn, can be exploited to…
Potential kick velocity distribution of black hole X-ray binaries and implications for natal kicks
Maccarone, T. J.; Chaty, S.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A. +14 more
We use very long baseline interferometry to measure the proper motions of three black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs). Using these results together with data from the literature and Gaia DR2 to collate the best available constraints on proper motion, parallax, distance, and systemic radial velocity of 16 BHXBs, we determined their three-dimensional Ga…
Effect of galaxy mergers on star-formation rates
Wang, L.; van der Tak, F. F. S.; Holwerda, B. W. +8 more
Context. Galaxy mergers and interactions are an integral part of our basic understanding of how galaxies grow and evolve over time. However, the effect that galaxy mergers have on star-formation rates (SFRs) is contested, with observations of galaxy mergers showing reduced, enhanced, and highly enhanced star formation.
Aims: We aim to determi…
Characterization and history of the Helmi streams with Gaia DR2
Helmi, Amina; Koppelman, Helmer H.; Massari, Davide +2 more
Context. The halo of the Milky Way has long been hypothesized to harbour significant amounts of merger debris. For more than a decade this view has been supported by wide-field photometric surveys which have revealed the outer halo to be lumpy.
Aims: The recent release of Gaia DR2 is allowing us to establish that mergers also have been import…