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Constraining the Neutron Star Mass-Radius Relation and Dense Matter Equation of State with NICER. I. The Millisecond Pulsar X-Ray Data Set
Steiner, James F.; Remillard, Ronald A.; Enoto, Teruaki +27 more
We present the set of deep Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray timing observations of the nearby rotation-powered millisecond pulsars PSRs J0437-4715, J0030+0451, J1231-1411, and J2124-3358, selected as targets for constraining the mass-radius relation of neutron stars and the dense matter equation of state (EoS) via modeling …
Non-thermal pressure support in X-COP galaxy clusters
Pointecouteau, E.; Rossetti, M.; Rasia, E. +13 more
Galaxy clusters are the endpoints of structure formation and are continuously growing through the merging and accretion of smaller structures. Numerical simulations predict that a fraction of their energy content is not yet thermalized, mainly in the form of kinetic motions (turbulence, bulk motions). Measuring the level of non-thermal pressure su…
Gaia Data Release 2. Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram
Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +453 more
Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ≲ 21 mag.
Aims: We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation a…
Simultaneous calibration of spectro-photometric distances and the Gaia DR2 parallax zero-point offset with deep learning
Bovy, Jo; Leung, Henry W.
Gaia measures the five astrometric parameters for stars in the Milky Way, but only four of them (positions and proper motion, but not distance) are well measured beyond a few kpc from the Sun. Modern spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE cover a large area of the Milky Way disc and we can use the relation between spectra and luminosity to determine…
The afterglow and kilonova of the short GRB 160821B
Troja, E.; Cenko, S. B.; Sakamoto, T. +24 more
GRB 160821B is a short duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected and localized by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory in the outskirts of a spiral galaxy at z = 0.1613, at a projected physical offset of 16 kpc from the galaxy's center. We present X-ray, optical/nIR, and radio observations of its counterpart and model them with two distinct components…
An Excess of Jupiter Analogs in Super-Earth Systems
Lee, Eve J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Batygin, Konstantin +4 more
We use radial velocity (RV) observations to search for long-period gas giant companions in systems hosting inner super-Earth (1-4 R ⊕, 1-10 M ⊕) planets to constrain formation and migration scenarios for this population. We consistently refit published RV data sets for 65 stars and find nine systems with statistically signifi…
A long-lived neutron star merger remnant in GW170817: constraints and clues from X-ray observations
Troja, E.; Piro, L.; van Eerten, H. +12 more
Multimessenger observations of GW170817 have not conclusively established whether the merger remnant is a black hole (BH) or a neutron star (NS). We show that a long-lived magnetized NS with a poloidal field B ≈ 1012 G is fully consistent with the electromagnetic dataset, when spin-down losses are dominated by gravitational wave (GW) em…
The Radius-Luminosity Relationship Depends on Optical Spectra in Active Galactic Nuclei
Du, Pu; Wang, Jian-Min
The radius-luminosity ({R}{{H}β }{--}{L}5100) relationship of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) established by the reverberation mapping (RM) observations has been widely used as a single-epoch black hole mass estimator in the research of large AGN samples. However, the recent RM campaigns discovered that the AGNs with high-accre…
Characterizing circumgalactic gas around massive ellipticals at z ∼ 0.4 - II. Physical properties and elemental abundances
Weiner, Benjamin J.; Johnson, Sean D.; Zahedy, Fakhri S. +5 more
We present a systematic investigation of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) within projected distances d < 160 kpc of luminous red galaxies (LRGs). The sample comprises 16 intermediate-redshift (z = 0.21-0.55) LRGs of stellar mass M_star> 10^{11} M_\odot. Combining far-ultraviolet Cosmic Origin Spectrograph spectra from the Hubble Space Telesco…
Cometary Chemistry and the Origin of Icy Solar System Bodies: The View After Rosetta
Altwegg, Kathrin; Balsiger, Hans; Fuselier, Stephen A.
In situ research of cometary chemistry began when measurements from the Giotto mission at Comet 1P/Halley revealed the presence of complex organics in the coma. New telescopes and space missions have provided detailed remote and in situ measurements of the composition of cometary volatiles. Recently, the Rosetta mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gera…