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What is the Solar Wind Frame of Reference?
Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Matteini, Lorenzo; Berger, Lars +6 more
Various solar wind ion species move with different speeds and theoretical considerations as well as limited observations in a region close to the Sun show that heavy solar wind ions tend to flow faster than protons, at least in less-aged fast solar wind streams. The solar wind flow carries the frozen-in interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and this…
Comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak, 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova, and 46P/Wirtanen: Water Production Activity over 21 yr with SOHO/SWAN
Bertaux, J. -L.; Combi, M. R.; Quémerais, E. +3 more
In 2017, 2018, and 2019, comets 46P/Wirtanen, 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova, and 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak all had perihelion passages. Their hydrogen comae were observed by the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyα camera on the SOlar and Heliospheric Observer (SOHO) satellite: comet 46P for the fourth time and comets 45P and 41P fo…
The enigmatic globular cluster UKS 1 obscured by the bulge: H-band discovery of nitrogen-enhanced stars
Smith, Leigh C.; Beers, Timothy C.; Placco, Vinicius M. +13 more
The presence of nitrogen-enriched stars in globular clusters provides key evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs), as has been demonstrated with globular cluster spectroscopic data towards the bulge, disk, and halo. In this work, we employ the VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and the DR16 SDSS-IV release of the APOGEE survey to p…
A 1201 s Orbital Period Detached Binary: The First Double Helium Core White Dwarf LISA Verification Binary
Bergeron, P.; Kilic, Mukremin; Bédard, A. +2 more
We report the discovery of a 1201 s orbital period binary, the third shortest-period detached binary known. Sloan Digital Sky Survey J232230.20 + 050942.06 contains two He-core white dwarfs orbiting with a 27° inclination. Located 0.76 kpc from the Sun, the binary has an estimated Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) 4 yr signal-to-noise rati…
The Holy Grail: A road map for unlocking the climate record stored within Mars' polar layered deposits
Horgan, Briony; Byrne, Shane; Zacny, Kris +35 more
In its polar layered deposits (PLD), Mars possesses a record of its recent climate, analogous to terrestrial ice sheets containing climate records on Earth. Each PLD is greater than 2 km thick and contains thousands of layers, each containing information on the climatic and atmospheric state during its deposition, creating a climate archive. With …
Molecular gas inflows and outflows in ultraluminous infrared galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 and one QSO at z = 6.1
Lutz, D.; Genzel, R.; Maiolino, R. +12 more
Aims: Our aim is to search for and characterize inflows and outflows of molecular gas in four ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; LIR > 1012L⊙) at z ∼ 0.2-0.3 and one distant quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z = 6.13.
Methods: We used Herschel/PACS and ALMA Band 7 observations of the hydroxyl molecul…
The Structure of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies on Scales of Tens to Thousands of Parsecs
Zabludoff, Ann I.; French, K. Decker; van Velzen, Sjoert +5 more
We explore the galaxy structure of four tidal disruption event (TDE) host galaxies on 30 pc to kiloparsec scales using Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 multiband imaging. The star formation histories of these hosts are diverse, including one post-starburst galaxy (ASASSN-14li), two hosts with recent weak starbursts (ASASSN-14ae and iPTF15af), and one e…
Strong Soft X-Ray Excess in 2015 XMM-Newton Observations of BL Lac OJ 287
Dewangan, G. C.; Pal, Main; Kushwaha, Pankaj +1 more
We report a strong soft X-ray excess in the BL Lacartae γ-ray blazar OJ 287 during long exposure in 2015 May, among two of the latest XMM-Newton observations performed in 2015 and 2018 May. In the case of the 2015 May observation, a log parabola model fits the EPIC-pn data well, while a log parabola plus a power law describes the overall simultane…
A Featureless Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Super-puff Planet Kepler-79d
Deming, Drake; Madhusudhan, Nikku; Wakeford, Hannah R. +12 more
Extremely low-density planets ("super-puffs") are a small but intriguing subset of the transiting planet population. With masses in the super-Earth range (1 - 10 ${M}_{\oplus }$ ) and radii akin to those of giant planets (> 4 ${R}_{\oplus }$ ), their large envelopes may have been accreted beyond the water snow line and many appear to be suscept…
Investigating the spectral age problem with powerful radio galaxies
Croston, Judith H.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Mahatma, Vijay H. +3 more
The 'spectral age problem' is our systematic inability to reconcile the maximum cooling time of radiating electrons in the lobes of a radio galaxy with its age as modelled by the dynamical evolution of the lobes. While there are known uncertainties in the models that produce both age estimates, 'spectral' ages are commonly underestimated relative …