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Photometry of high-redshift blended galaxies using deep learning
Castellano, Marco; Huertas-Company, Marc; Merlin, Emiliano +12 more
The new generation of deep photometric surveys requires unprecedentedly precise shape and photometry measurements of billions of galaxies to achieve their main science goals. At such depths, one major limiting factor is the blending of galaxies due to line-of-sight projection, with an expected fraction of blended galaxies of up to 50 per cent. Thi…
Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4
Ivison, R. J.; Casey, Caitlin M.; Long, Arianna S. +6 more
Recent simulations and observations of massive galaxy cluster evolution predict that the majority of stellar mass buildup happens within cluster members by z = 2, before cluster virialization. Protoclusters rich with dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z > 3 are the favored candidate progenitors for these massive galaxy clusters at z ∼ 0. W…
Strong Variability of Martian Water Ice Clouds During Dust Storms Revealed From ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/NOMAD
Vandaele, Ann Carine; Aoki, Shohei; Thomas, Ian +12 more
Observations of water ice clouds and aerosols on Mars can provide important insights into the complexity of the water cycle. Recent observations have indicated an important link between dust activity and the water cycle, as intense dust activity can significantly raise the hygropause, and subsequently increase the escape of water after dissociatio…
Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars
Debes, John H.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wisniewski, John P. +11 more
WISEA J080822.18-644357.3, an M star in the Carina association, exhibits extreme infrared excess and accretion activity at an age greater than the expected accretion disk lifetime. We consider J0808 as the prototypical example of a class of M star accretion disks at ages ≳20 Myr, which we call "Peter Pan" disks, because they apparently refuse to g…
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. XIV. Evolution of the Lyα emitter fraction from z = 3 to z = 6
Bacon, Roland; Blaizot, Jérémy; Garel, Thibault +19 more
Context. The Lyα emitter (LAE) fraction, XLAE, is a potentially powerful probe of the evolution of the intergalactic neutral hydrogen gas fraction. However, uncertainties in the measurement of XLAE are still under debate.
Aims: Thanks to deep data obtained with the integral field spectrograph Multi Unit Spectroscopic Exp…
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. Small Lyα-[CII] velocity offsets in main-sequence galaxies at 4.4 < z < 6
Cimatti, A.; Pozzi, F.; Rodighiero, G. +30 more
Context. The Lyman-α line in the ultraviolet (UV) and the [CII] line in the far-infrared (FIR) are widely used tools to identify galaxies in the early Universe and to obtain insights into interstellar medium (ISM) properties in high-redshift galaxies. By combining data obtained with ALMA in band 7 at ∼320 GHz as part of the ALMA Large Program to I…
Sun-Heliosphere Observation-based Ionization Rates Model
McComas, D. J.; Bzowski, M.; Tokumaru, M. +1 more
The solar wind (SW) and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation modulate fluxes of interstellar and heliospheric particles inside the heliosphere both in time and in space. Understanding this modulation is necessary to correctly interpret measurements of particles of interstellar origin inside the heliosphere. We present a revision of heliospheric…
Ion-neutral Interactions and Nonequilibrium Ionization in the Solar Chromosphere
Martínez-Sykora, Juan; De Pontieu, Bart; Nóbrega-Siverio, Daniel +4 more
The thermal structure of the chromosphere is regulated through a complex interaction of various heating processes, radiative cooling, and the ionization degree of the plasma. Here, we study the impact on the thermal properties of the chromosphere when including the combined action of nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) of hydrogen and helium and ion-n…
Exploring open cluster properties with Gaia and LAMOST
Wu, Di; Chen, Li; Zhong, Jing +3 more
Context. In Gaia DR2, an unprecedented high level of precision has been reached at sub-milliarcsecond for astrometry and millimagnitudes for photometry. Using cluster members identified with the astrometry and photometry in Gaia DR2, we can obtain a reliable determination of cluster properties. However, because of the shortcomings of Gaia spectros…
Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse
Dupree, Andrea K.; Guinan, Edward F.; Leike, Reimar +9 more
The bright supergiant Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis, HD 39801) experienced a visual dimming during 2019 December and the first quarter of 2020, reaching an historic minimum 2020 February 7-13. During 2019 September-November, prior to the optical dimming event, the photosphere was expanding. At the same time, spatially resolved ultraviolet spectra usin…