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The Type II supernova SN 2020jfo in M 61, implications for progenitor system, and explosion dynamics
Sollerman, J.; Jerkstrand, A.; Filippenko, A. V. +25 more
We present the discovery and extensive follow-up observations of SN 2020jfo, a Type IIP supernova (SN) in the nearby (14.5 Mpc) galaxy M 61. Optical light curves (LCs) and spectra from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), complemented with data from Swift/UVOT and near-infrared photometry is presented. These were used to model the 350-day duration…
The ρ Ophiuchi region revisited with Gaia EDR3. Two young populations, new members, and old impostors
Meingast, Stefan; Alves, João; Lombardi, Marco +10 more
Context. Young and embedded stellar populations are important probes of the star formation process. Their properties and the environments they create have the potential to affect the formation of new planets. Paradoxically, we have a better census of nearby embedded young populations than of the slightly more evolved optically visible young popula…
Extensive Lensing Survey of Optical and Near-infrared Dark Objects (El Sonido): HST H-faint Galaxies behind 101 Lensing Clusters
Pérez-González, Pablo G.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Smail, Ian +22 more
We present a Spitzer/IRAC survey of H-faint (H 160 ≳ 26.4, < 5σ) sources in 101 lensing cluster fields. Across a CANDELS/Wide-like survey area of ~648 arcmin2 (effectively ~221 arcmin2 in the source plane), we have securely discovered 53 sources in the IRAC Channel-2 band (CH2, 4.5 µm; median CH2 = 22.46 ±…
Massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Evolution, rotation, and surface abundances
Bouret, J. -C.; Martins, F.; Hillier, D. J. +5 more
Context. The evolution of massive stars depends on several physical processes and parameters. Metallicity and rotation are among the most important, but their quantitative effects are not well understood.
Aims: To complement our earlier study on main-sequence stars, we study the evolutionary and physical properties of evolved O stars in the S…
Detection of Flare Multiperiodic Pulsations in Mid-ultraviolet Balmer Continuum, Lyα, Hard X-Ray, and Radio Emissions Simultaneously
Li, Gang; Gan, Weiqun; Li, Xiaobo +7 more
Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs), which usually appear as temporal pulsations of the total flux, are frequently detected in the light curves of solar/stellar flares. In this study, we present the investigation of nonstationary QPPs with multiple periods during the impulsive phase of a powerful flare on 2017 September 6, which were simultaneously m…
Molecular remnant of Nova 1670 (CK Vulpeculae). II. A three-dimensional view of the gas distribution and velocity field
Menten, K. M.; Bujarrabal, V.; Steffen, W. +3 more
CK Vul is the remnant of an energetic eruption known as Nova 1670 that is thought to be caused by a stellar merger. The remnant is composed of (1) a large hourglass nebula of recombining gas (of 71'' in size), very similar to some classical planetary and pre-planetary nebulae (PPNe), and (2) a much smaller and cooler inner remnant that is prominen…
Stellar Parameterization of LAMOST M Dwarf Stars
Tian, Haijun; Qiu, Dan; Tian, Hao +3 more
The M dwarf stars are the most common stars in the Galaxy, dominating the population of the Galaxy at faint magnitudes. Precise and accurate stellar parameters for M dwarfs are of crucial importance for many studies. However, the atmospheric parameters of M dwarf stars are difficult to determine. In this paper, we present a catalog of the spectros…
Dust/ice mixing in cold regions and solid-state water in the diffuse interstellar medium
Henning, Thomas; Bouwman, Jeroen; Jäger, Cornelia +1 more
Whether ice in cold cosmic environments is physically separated from the silicate dust or mixed with individual silicate moieties is not known. However, different grain models give very different compositions and temperatures of grains. The aim of the present study is to compare the mid-infrared spectra of laboratory silicate grain/water ice mixtu…
A dearth of young and bright massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Menten, K. M.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A. +7 more
Context. Massive star evolution at low metallicity is closely connected to many fields in high-redshift astrophysics, but is poorly understood so far. Because of its metallicity of ∼0.2 Z⊙, its proximity, and because it is currently forming stars, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a unique laboratory in which to study metal-poor massi…
Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
Massey, Philip; Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor Z.; Levesque, Emily M. +3 more
Despite the many successes that modern massive star evolutionary theory has enjoyed, reproducing the apparent trend in the relative number of red supergiants (RSGs) and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars has remained elusive. Previous estimates show the RSG/WR ratio decreasing strongly with increasing metallicity. However, the evolutionary models have always p…