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The bursty star formation history of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy revealed with the HST
Monelli, M.; Cassisi, S.; Gallart, C. +4 more
We present a new derivation of the star formation history (SFH) of the dSph galaxy Fornax in two central regions, characterized by unprecedented precision and age resolution. It reveals that star formation has proceeded in sharp bursts separated by periods of low level or quiescent activity. The SFH was derived through colour-magnitude diagram (CM…
Search for flares and associated CMEs on late-type main-sequence stars in optical SDSS spectra
Temmer, Manuela; Veronig, Astrid; Beck, Paul G. +3 more
Aims: This work aims to detect and classify stellar flares and potential stellar coronal mass ejection (CME) signatures in optical spectra provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 14. The sample is constrained to all F, G, K, and M main-sequence type stars, resulting in more than 630 000 stars. This work makes use of the i…
The Tharsis mantle source of depleted shergottites revealed by 90 million impact craters
Baratoux, D.; Towner, M. C.; Lagain, A. +8 more
The only martian rock samples on Earth are meteorites ejected from the surface of Mars by asteroid impacts. The locations and geological contexts of the launch sites are currently unknown. Determining the impact locations is essential to unravel the relations between the evolution of the martian interior and its surface. Here we adapt a Crater Det…
The MUSE-Faint survey. II. The dark-matter density profile of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Eridanus 2
Brinchmann, Jarle; Maseda, Michael V.; Krajnović, Davor +5 more
Aims: We use stellar line-of-sight velocities to constrain the dark-matter density profile of Eridanus 2, an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy with an absolute V-band magnitude MV = −7.1 that corresponds to a stellar mass M* ≈ 9 × 104 M⊙. We furthermore derive constraints on fundamental properties of self-in…
Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity
Dafonte, C.; González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M. +3 more
Context. The Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), published in December 2020, features improved photometry and astrometry compared to that published in the previous DR2 file and includes a substantially larger number of sources, of the order of 2000 million, making it a paradigm of big data astronomy. Many of the central stars of planetary nebulae (C…
RR Lyrae Variables in Messier 53: Near-infrared Period-Luminosity Relations and the Calibration Using Gaia Early Data Release 3
Herczeg, Gregory J.; de Grijs, Richard; Marconi, Marcella +6 more
We present new near-infrared, JHKs, period-luminosity relations (PLRs) for RR Lyrae variables in the Messier 53 (M53 or NGC 5024) globular cluster. Multi-epoch JHKs observations, obtained with the WIRCam instrument on the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, are used for the first time to estimate precise mean magnitudes for…
Lava worlds: From early earth to exoplanets
Gaidos, Eric; Chao, Keng-Hsien; deGraffenried, Rebecca +3 more
The magma ocean concept was first conceived to explain the geology of the Moon, but hemispherical or global oceans of silicate melt could be a widespread "lava world" phase of rocky planet accretion, and could persist on planets on short-period orbits around other stars. The formation and crystallization of magma oceans could be a defining stage i…
A giant X-ray dust scattering ring discovered with SRG/eROSITA around the black hole transient MAXI J1348-630
Wilms, J.; Predehl, P.; Freyberg, M. +3 more
We report the discovery of a giant dust scattering ring around the Black Hole transient MAXI J1348-630 with SRG/eROSITA during its first X-ray all-sky survey. During the discovery observation in February 2020, the ring had an outer diameter of 1.3 deg, growing to 1.6 deg by the time of the second all-sky survey scan in August 2020. This makes the …
Evidence for an MHD Disk Wind via Optical Forbidden Line Spectroastrometry
Pascucci, I.; Sterzik, M. F.; Alexander, R. D. +4 more
Spectroastrometry is used to investigate the low-velocity component (LVC) of the optical forbidden emission from the T Tauri stars RU Lupi and AS 205 N. Both stars also have high-velocity forbidden emission, which is tracing a jet. For AS 205 N, analysis reveals a complicated outflow system. For RU Lupi, the [O I] λ6300 and [S II]λλ6716,6731 LV na…
Probing Kilonova Ejecta Properties Using a Catalog of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations
Berger, E.; Smith, N.; Chornock, R. +11 more
The discovery of GW170817 and GRB 170817A in tandem with AT 2017gfo cemented the connection between neutron star mergers, short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and kilonovae. To investigate short GRB observations in the context of diverse kilonova behavior, we present a comprehensive optical and near-IR catalog of 85 bursts discovered over 2005-2020 on t…