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Observational Constraints on the Physical Properties of Interstellar Dust in the Post-Planck Era
Draine, B. T.; Hensley, Brandon S.
We present a synthesis of the astronomical observations constraining the wavelength-dependent extinction, emission, and polarization from interstellar dust from UV to microwave wavelengths on diffuse Galactic sight lines. Representative solid-phase abundances for those sight lines are also derived. Given the sensitive new observations of polarized…
Near future MeV telescopes can discover asteroid-mass primordial black hole dark matter
Muñoz, Julian B.; Ray, Anupam; Laha, Ranjan +1 more
Primordial black holes (PBHs), formed out of large overdensities in the early Universe, are a viable dark matter (DM) candidate over a broad range of masses. Ultralight, asteroid-mass PBHs with masses around 1017 g are particularly interesting as current observations allow them to constitute the entire DM density. PBHs in this mass rang…
New Observational Constraints on the Winds of M dwarf Stars
Redfield, Seth; Drake, Jeremy J.; Youngblood, Allison +8 more
High-resolution UV spectra of stellar H I Lyα lines from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) provide observational constraints on the winds of coronal main-sequence stars, thanks to an astrospheric absorption signature created by the interaction between the stellar winds and the interstellar medium. We report the results of a new HST survey of M dwar…
Radiation Hydrodynamics of Turbulent H II Regions in Molecular Clouds: A Physical Origin of LyC Leakage and the Associated Lyα Spectra
Kakiichi, Koki; Gronke, Max
We examine Lyman continuum (LyC) leakage through H II regions regulated by turbulence and radiative feedback in a giant molecular cloud in the context of fully coupled radiation hydrodynamics (RHD). The physical relations of the LyC escape with H I covering fraction, kinematics, ionizing photon production efficiency, and emergent Lyα line profiles…
The cloudy shape of hot Jupiter thermal phase curves
Fortney, Jonathan J.; Showman, Adam P.; Parmentier, Vivien
Hot Jupiters have been predicted to have a strong day/night temperature contrast and a hotspot shifted eastward of the substellar point. This was confirmed by numerous phase curve observations probing the longitudinal brightness variation of the atmosphere. Global circulation models, however, systematically underestimate the phase curve amplitude …
3D kinematics and age distribution of the open cluster population
Castro-Ginard, A.; Jordi, C.; Casamiquela, L. +14 more
Context. Open clusters (OCs) trace the evolution of the Galactic disc with great accuracy. Gaia and large ground-based spectroscopic surveys make it possible to determine their properties and study their kinematics with unprecedented precision.
Aims: We study the kinematical behaviour of the OC population over time. We take advantage of the l…
Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Ly α forest, and Milky Way satellites
Viel, Matteo; Fassnacht, Christopher D.; Koopmans, Léon V. E. +10 more
We derive joint constraints on the warm dark matter (WDM) half-mode scale by combining the analyses of a selection of astrophysical probes: strong gravitational lensing with extended sources, the Ly α forest, and the number of luminous satellites in the Milky Way. We derive an upper limit of λhm = 0.089 Mpc h-1 at the 95 per …
Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
Lutz, D.; Genzel, R.; Sturm, E. +101 more
We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 µas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricit…
Possible X-Ray Quasi-periodic Eruptions in a Tidal Disruption Event Candidate
Miniutti, Giovanni; Kara, Erin; Giustini, Margherita +3 more
X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a recently discovered phenomenon associated with supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. They are high-amplitude soft X-ray flares that recur on timescales of hours, but what causes these flares remains uncertain. In the two years since their original discovery, four known QPE-hosting galaxies…
Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood. V. Discovery of coronae of nearby star clusters
Meingast, Stefan; Alves, João; Rottensteiner, Alena
We present a novel view on the morphology and dynamical state of ten prominent, nearby (≤500 pc), and young (∼30-300 Myr) open star clusters with Gaia DR2: α Per, Blanco 1, IC 2602, IC 2391, Messier 39, NGC 2451A, NGC 2516, NGC 2547, Platais 9, and the Pleiades. We introduce a pioneering member-identification method that is informed by cluster bul…