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Constraining Black Hole Natal Kicks with Astrometric Microlensing
Andrews, Jeff J.; Kalogera, Vicky
Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that neutron stars receive large kicks when formed from the remnant of a collapsing star. However, the evidence for whether black holes (BHs) receive natal kicks is less clear, reliant on weak constraints from the analysis of BH X-ray binaries and massive runaway and walkaway stars. Here we show, for the first t…
The Origin of Weakened Magnetic Braking in Old Solar Analogs
Ayres, Thomas R.; Kochukhov, Oleg; Stassun, Keivan G. +10 more
The rotation rates of main-sequence stars slow over time as they gradually lose angular momentum to their magnetized stellar winds. The rate of angular momentum loss depends on the strength and morphology of the magnetic field, the mass-loss rate, and the stellar rotation period, mass, and radius. Previous observations suggested a shift in magneti…
A New UV Spectral Feature on Europa: Confirmation of NaCl in Leading-hemisphere Chaos Terrain
Alday, Juan; Roth, Lorenz; Brown, Michael E. +6 more
Recent visible-wavelength observations of Europa's surface obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) revealed the presence of an absorption feature near 450 nm that appears spatially correlated with leading-hemisphere chaos terrain. This feature was interpreted to reflect the presence of irradiated sodium chloride ultimately sourced from the …
Substructure detection reanalysed: dark perturber shown to be a line-of-sight halo
Dvorkin, Cora; Ostdiek, Bryan; Sengül, Atinç Çagan +1 more
Observations of structure at subgalactic scales are crucial for probing the properties of dark matter, which is the dominant source of gravity in the universe. It will become increasingly important for future surveys to distinguish between line-of-sight haloes and subhalos to avoid wrong inferences on the nature of dark matter. We reanalyse a subg…
The Stellar Metallicities of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3 from KMOS + VANDELS
Castellano, Marco; Hathi, Nimish P.; Pentericci, Laura +18 more
We present a rest-frame UV-optical (λ = 2500-6400 Å) stacked spectrum representative of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3 with log(M */M ⊙) > 10.8. The stack is constructed using VANDELS survey data, combined with new KMOS observations. We apply two independent full-spectral-fitting approaches, measuring a …
CLASSY. II. A Technical Overview of the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic Survey
Ouchi, Masami; Kewley, Lisa J.; Ravindranath, Swara +43 more
The COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) is designed to provide the community with a spectral atlas of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies that were chosen to cover similar properties to those seen at high z (z > 6). The prime high-level science product of CLASSY is accurately coadded UV spectra, ranging from ~1000 to 2000 Å, derived fr…
On the inconsistency of [C/Fe] abundances and the fractions of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars among various stellar surveys
Yoon, Jinmi; Lee, Young Sun; Placco, Vinicius M. +4 more
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are a unique resource for Galactic archaeology because they probe the properties of the First Stars, early chemical evolution, and binary interactions at very low metallicity. Comparing the fractions and properties of CEMP stars in different Galactic environments can provide us with unique insights into the …
The primordial matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales
Treu, Tommaso; Bovy, Jo; Birrer, Simon +3 more
The primordial matter power spectrum quantifies fluctuations in the distribution of dark matter immediately following inflation. Over cosmic time, overdense regions of the primordial density field grow and collapse into dark matter haloes, whose abundance and density profiles retain memory of the initial conditions. By analysing the image magnific…
Magnetic braking saturates: evidence from the orbital period distribution of low-mass detached eclipsing binaries from ZTF
Conroy, Charlie; Kiman, Rocio; El-Badry, Kareem +4 more
We constrain the orbital period (Porb) distribution of low-mass detached main-sequence eclipsing binaries (EBs) with light-curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), which provides a well-understood selection function and sensitivity to faint stars. At short periods (Porb ≲ 2 d), binaries are predicted to evolve signifi…
The first widespread solar energetic particle event of solar cycle 25 on 2020 November 29. Shock wave properties and the wide distribution of solar energetic particles
Lario, D.; Vainio, R.; Kilpua, E. K. J. +13 more
Context. On 2020 November 29, an eruptive event occurred in an active region located behind the eastern solar limb as seen from Earth. The event consisted of an M4.4 class flare, a coronal mass ejection, an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave, and a white-light (WL) shock wave. The eruption gave rise to the first widespread solar energetic particle (SE…