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Gaia Data Release 2. Photometric content and validation

Gilmore, G.; Harrison, D. L.; Koposov, S. E. +43 more

Aims: We describe the photometric content of the second data release of the Gaia project (Gaia DR2) and its validation along with the quality of the data.
Methods: The validation was mainly carried out using an internal analysis of the photometry. External comparisons were also made, but were limited by the precision and systematics that…

Gaia Data Release 2. Using Gaia parallaxes

Prusti, T.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Castro-Ginard, A. +7 more

Context. The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) provides precise five-parameter astrometric data (positions, proper motions, and parallaxes) for an unprecedented number of sources (more than 1.3 billion, mostly stars). This new wealth of data will enable the undertaking of statistical analysis of many astrophysical problems that were previously i…

The Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1

Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bechtol, K.; Juneau, S. +201 more

We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single-epoch images, co-added images, co-added source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first 3 yr of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (2013 August to …

A Gaia DR2 view of the open cluster population in the Milky Way

Castro-Ginard, A.; Jordi, C.; Casamiquela, L. +10 more

Context. Open clusters are convenient probes of the structure and history of the Galactic disk. They are also fundamental to stellar evolution studies. The second Gaia data release contains precise astrometry at the submilliarcsecond level and homogeneous photometry at the mmag level, that can be used to characterise a large number of clusters ove…

Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant

Casertano, Stefano; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Riess, Adam G. +9 more

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of a selected sample of 50 long-period, low-extinction Milky Way Cepheids measured on the same WFC3 F555W-, F814W-, and F160W-band photometric system as extragalactic Cepheids in Type Ia supernova host galaxies. These bright Cepheids were observed with the WFC3 spatial scanning mode in the optical…

Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70

Pinte, C.; Ménard, F.; Quanz, S. P. +122 more

Context. Young circumstellar disks are the birthplaces of planets. Their study is of prime interest to understand the physical and chemical conditions under which planet formation takes place. Only very few detections of planet candidates within these disks exist, and most of them are currently suspected to be disk features.
Aims: In this con…

First data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

Ono, Yoshiaki; Ouchi, Masami; Momose, Rieko +107 more

The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most important outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope, and it started in 2014 March. This…

The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List

Torres, Guillermo; Latham, David W.; Muirhead, Philip S. +16 more

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will be conducting a nearly all-sky photometric survey over two years, with a core mission goal to discover small transiting exoplanets orbiting nearby bright stars. It will obtain 30 minute cadence observations of all objects in the TESS fields of view, along with two-minute cadence observations of…

Gaia Data Release 2. Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way

Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +444 more

Note to the Readers: Following the publication of the corrigendum, the article was corrected on 15 May 2020.

Context.
Aims: The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the outstanding quality of the second data release of the Gaia mission and its …

Gaia Data Release 2. Catalogue validation

Jordi, C.; Luri, X.; Cantat-Gaudin, T. +35 more

Context. The second Gaia data release (DR2) contains very precise astrometric and photometric properties for more than one billion sources, astrophysical parameters for dozens of millions, radial velocities for millions, variability information for half a million stars from selected variability classes, and orbits for thousands of solar system obj…