Search Publications
MHD Modeling of the Background Solar Wind in the Inner Heliosphere From 0.1 to 5.5 AU: Comparison With In Situ Observations
Wang, C.; Li, H.; Guo, X. C. +4 more
The accurate prediction of solar wind conditions in the interplanetary space is crucial in the context of both scientific research and technical applications. In this study, we simulate the solar wind throughout the heliosphere from 0.1 to 5.5 astronomical units (AU) with our improved heliospheric magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model during the time p…
Improving Predictions of High-Latitude Coronal Mass Ejections Throughout the Heliosphere
Rodriguez, L.; Poedts, S.; Scolini, C. +2 more
Predictions of the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere mostly rely on cone CME models, whose performances are optimized for locations in the ecliptic plane and at 1 AU (e.g., at Earth). Progresses in the exploration of the inner heliosphere, however, advocate the need to assess their performances at both higher latitudes and…
Space Weather Monitor at the L5 Point: A Case Study of a CME Observed with STEREO B
Mierla, M.; Zhukov, A. N.; Rodriguez, L. +2 more
An important location for future space weather monitoring is the Lagrange point 5 (L5) of the Sun-Earth system. We test the performance of L5 for space weather monitoring using STEREO B observations of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME), seen as a partial halo by SOHO at L1. STEREO B (located close to L5) continuously tracked the CME. B…
Forecasting the Structure and Orientation of Earthbound Coronal Mass Ejections
Kilpua, E. K. J.; Temmer, M.; Mays, M. L. +1 more
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the key drivers of strong to extreme space weather storms at the Earth that can have drastic consequences for technological systems in space and on ground. The ability of a CME to drive geomagnetic disturbances depends crucially on the magnetic structure of the embedded flux rope, which is thus essential to predic…
Benchmarking CME Arrival Time and Impact: Progress on Metadata, Metrics, and Events
Jian, L. K.; Temmer, M.; Dumbović, M. +9 more
Accurate forecasting of the arrival time and subsequent geomagnetic impacts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at Earth is an important objective for space weather forecasting agencies. Recently, the CME Arrival and Impact working team has made significant progress toward defining community-agreed metrics and validation methods to assess the current…
Spectral Analysis of the September 2017 Solar Energetic Particle Events
de Nolfo, G. A.; Christian, E. R.; Ryan, J. M. +2 more
An interval of exceptional solar activity was registered in early September 2017, late in the decay phase of solar cycle 24, involving the complex Active Region 12673 as it rotated across the western hemisphere with respect to Earth. A large number of eruptions occurred between 4 and 10 September, including four associated with X-class flares. The…
In Situ Data and Effect Correlation During September 2017 Solar Particle Event
Müller, D.; Vainio, R.; Sánchez-Cano, B. +28 more
Solar energetic particles are one of the main sources of particle radiation seen in space. In the first part of September 2017 the most active solar period of cycle 24 produced four large X-class flares and a series of (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections, which gave rise to radiation storms seen over all energies and at the ground by neutron m…
Modeling the Multiple CME Interaction Event on 6-9 September 2017 with WSA-ENLIL+Cone
Temmer, M.; Dimmock, A. P.; Yordanova, E. +1 more
A series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) erupted from the same active region between 4-6 September 2017. Later, on 6-9 September, two interplanetary (IP) shocks reached L1, creating a complex and geoeffective plasma structure. To understand the processes leading up to the formation of the two shocks, we model the CMEs with the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (…
On Solutions of the PFSS Model With GONG Synoptic Maps for 2006-2018
Nikolić; , L.
The potential field source surface (PFSS) model is widely used to derive the magnetic field of the solar corona. The only free parameter in the PFSS model is the radius of the so-called source surface, where magnetic field lines are forced to open. The radius of this surface is typically set to 2.5 solar radii in research and operational PFSS nume…
Electron Intensity Measurements by the Cluster/RAPID/IES Instrument in Earth's Radiation Belts and Ring Current
Daly, P. W.; Kronberg, E. A.; Taylor, M. G. G. T. +7 more
The Cluster mission, launched in 2000, has produced a large database of electron flux intensity measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere by the Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) instrument. However, due to background contamination of the data with high-energy electrons (>400 keV) and i…