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The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Investigation
West, Robert A.; Lane, Arthur L.; Colwell, Joshua E. +16 more
The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) is part of the remote sensing payload of the Cassini orbiter spacecraft. UVIS has two spectrographic channels that provide images and spectra covering the ranges from 56 to 118 nm and 110 to 190 nm. A third optical path with a solar blind CsI photocathode is used for high signal-to-noise-ratio st…
The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) Investigation
Luhmann, J. G.; Ip, W. -H.; McNutt, R. L. +13 more
The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation will determine the mass composition and number densities of neutral species and low-energy ions in key regions of the Saturn system. The primary focus of the INMS investigation is on the composition and structure of Titan’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with Saturn’s magneto…
Selected Problems in Collisionless-Shock Physics
Krasnoselskikh, V.; Kucharek, H.; Scholer, M. +6 more
The physics of collisionless shocks is a very broad topic, which has been well studied for many decades. However, there are a number of important issues which remain unresolved. Moreover, there have been new findings, which cast doubt on well-established ideas. The purpose of this review is to address a subset of unresolved problems in collisionle…
Radar: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper
Lorenz, R. D.; Soderblom, L. A.; Ostro, S. J. +19 more
The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will pr…
Cassini Radio Science
French, R. G.; Flasar, F. M.; Asmar, S. W. +10 more
Cassini radio science investigations will be conducted both during the cruise (gravitational wave and conjunction experiments) and the Saturnian tour of the mission (atmospheric and ionospheric occultations, ring occultations, determinations of masses and gravity fields). New technologies in the construction of the instrument, which consists of a …
Observations of the Sun at Vacuum- Ultraviolet Wavelengths from Space. Part I: Concepts and Instrumentation
Wilhelm, Klaus; Marsch, Eckart; Dwivedi, Bhola N. +1 more
Studies of the high-temperature solar atmosphere are to a large extent based on spectroscopic observations of emission lines and continuum radiation in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, important contributions stem from soft X-ray measurements. Most of the VUV radiation is produced by trans…
Mars Express and MARSIS
Nielsen, Erling
The Mars Express mission to be launched in 2003 will provide high resolution measurements of the Martian atmosphere and ionosphere. The neutral density, temperature, and composition will be measured, and MARSIS, a low frequency radar experiment, will probe the Martian plasma environment for electron densities in the range from 100 to 3 × 105<…
The Impact of Space Experiments on our Knowledge of the Physics of the Universe
Giovannelli, Franco; Sabau-Graziati, Lola
With the advent of space experiments it was demonstrated that cosmic sources emit energy practically across all the electromagnetic spectrum via different physical processes. Several physical quantities give witness to these processes which usually are not stationary; those physical observable quantities are then generally variable. Therefore simu…
The Magnetostatic Cleanliness Program for the Cassini Spacecraft
Narvaez, P.
The Cassini spacecraft, launched in October 1997 and expected to reach Saturn in 2004, carries two magnetometer experiments on a 10-m boom, one at the mid-section of the boom and the other situated at the end of the boom. In order to gather valid scientific magnetic field data and avoid electromagnetic interference, the spacecraft had to comply wi…
Elemental Abundances in the Solar Upper Atmosphere Derived by Spectroscopic Means
Feldman, U.; Widing, K. G.
The composition of the solar photosphere is believed to be uniform. Indeed a quantity that does not vary with solar surface location or with a particular solar feature, i.e., no observational evidence is available to indicate that the photospheric composition near the solar equator is different from the photospheric composition near the solar pole…