Search Publications
Heliosheath Processes and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields
Wurz, P.; Fichtner, H.; Scherer, K. +11 more
This paper summarizes the results obtained by the team "Heliosheath Processes and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields" supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. We focus on the physical processes occurring in the outer heliosphere, especially at i…
The Global Solar Dynamo
Cameron, R. H.; Dikpati, M.; Brandenburg, A.
A brief summary of the various observations and constraints that underlie solar dynamo research are presented. The arguments that indicate that the solar dynamo is an alpha-omega dynamo of the Babcock-Leighton type are then shortly reviewed. The main open questions that remain are concerned with the subsurface dynamics, including why sunspots emer…
Radiative Diagnostics in the Solar Photosphere and Chromosphere
van Noort, M.; de la Cruz Rodríguez, J.
Magnetic fields on the surface of the Sun and stars in general imprint or modify the polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation that is leaving from the star. The inference of solar/stellar magnetic fields is performed by detecting, studying and modeling polarized light from the target star. In this review we present an overview of techni…
Measurements of Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Fields
Gosain, Sanjay; Lagg, Andreas; Lites, Bruce +2 more
The Sun is replete with magnetic fields, with sunspots, pores and plage regions being their most prominent representatives on the solar surface. But even far away from these active regions, magnetic fields are ubiquitous. To a large extent, their importance for the thermodynamics in the solar photosphere is determined by the total magnetic flux. W…
Achievements and Challenges in the Science of Space Weather
Veronig, Astrid; Balogh, André; Koskinen, Hannu E. J. +3 more
In June 2016 a group of 40 space weather scientists attended the workshop on Scientific Foundations of Space Weather at the International Space Science Institute in Bern. In this lead article to the volume based on the talks and discussions during the workshop we review some of main past achievements in the field and outline some of the challenges…
Near-Earth Magnetic Field Effects of Large-Scale Magnetospheric Currents
Le, Guan; Lühr, Hermann; Xiong, Chao +1 more
Magnetospheric currents play an important role in the electrodynamics of near-Earth space. This has been the topic of many space science studies. Here we focus on the magnetic fields they cause close to Earth. Their contribution to the geomagnetic field is the second largest after the core field. Significant progress in interpreting the magnetic f…
Space Weather Effects Produced by the Ring Current Particles
Jaynes, Allison; Ganushkina, Natalia; Liemohn, Michael
One of the definitions of space weather describes it as the time-varying space environment that may be hazardous to technological systems in space and/or on the ground and/or endanger human health or life. The ring current has its contributions to space weather effects, both in terms of particles, ions and electrons, which constitute it, and magne…
Solar Magnetoconvection and Small-Scale Dynamo. Recent Developments in Observation and Simulation
Solanki, S. K.; Borrero, J. M.; Schüssler, M. +1 more
A number of observational and theoretical aspects of solar magnetoconvection are considered in this review. We discuss recent developments in our understanding of the small-scale structure of the magnetic field on the solar surface and its interaction with convective flows, which is at the centre of current research. Topics range from plage areas …
The Scientific Foundations of Forecasting Magnetospheric Space Weather
Eastwood, J. P.; Nakamura, R.; Turc, L. +2 more
The magnetosphere is the lens through which solar space weather phenomena are focused and directed towards the Earth. In particular, the non-linear interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetic field leads to the formation of highly inhomogenous electrical currents in the ionosphere which can ultimately result in damage to and problems w…
Aeronomy of the Venus Upper Atmosphere
Pätzold, M.; López-Valverde, M. A.; Drossart, P. +3 more
We present aeronomical observations collected using remote sensing instruments on board Venus Express, complemented with ground-based observations and numerical modeling. They are mostly based on VIRTIS and SPICAV measurements of airglow obtained in the nadir mode and at the limb above 90 km. They complement our understanding of the behavior of Ve…