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The DREAMS Experiment Onboard the Schiaparelli Module of the ExoMars 2016 Mission: Design, Performances and Expected Results
Schmidt, W.; Patel, M. R.; Bellucci, G. +65 more
The first of the two missions foreseen in the ExoMars program was successfully launched on 14th March 2016. It included the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Schiaparelli Entry descent and landing Demonstrator Module. Schiaparelli hosted the DREAMS instrument suite that was the only scientific payload designed to operate after the touchdown. DREAMS is a m…
Presolar Isotopic Signatures in Meteorites and Comets: New Insights from the Rosetta Mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Hoppe, Peter; Altwegg, Kathrin; Rubin, Martin
Comets are considered the most primitive planetary bodies in our Solar System, i.e., they should have best preserved the solid components of the matter from which our Solar System formed. ESA's recent Rosetta mission to Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) has provided a wealth of isotope data which expanded the existing data se…
Investigations of the Mars Upper Atmosphere with ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
Montmessin, Franck; Clancy, R. T.; Korablev, Oleg +22 more
The Martian mesosphere and thermosphere, the region above about 60 km, is not the primary target of the ExoMars 2016 mission but its Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) can explore it and address many interesting issues, either in-situ during the aerobraking period or remotely during the regular mission. In the aerobraking phase TGO peeks into thermospheric d…
ExoMars 2016 Schiaparelli Module Trajectory and Atmospheric Profiles Reconstruction. Analysis of the On-board Inertial and Radar Measurements
Debei, S.; Karatekin, O.; Colombatti, G. +5 more
On 19th October 2016 Schiaparelli module of the ExoMars 2016 mission flew through the Mars atmosphere. After successful entry and descent under parachute, the module failed the last part of the descent and crashed on the Mars surface. Nevertheless the data transmitted in real-time by Schiaparelli during the entry and descent, together w…
Combined Instrumentation Package COMARS+ for the ExoMars Schiaparelli Lander
Gülhan, Ali; Thiele, Thomas; Siebe, Frank +1 more
In order to measure aerothermal parameters on the back cover of the ExoMars Schiaparelli lander the instrumentation package COMARS+ was developed by DLR. Consisting of three combined aerothermal sensors, one broadband radiometer sensor and an electronic box the payload provides important data for future missions. The aerothermal sensors called COM…
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Ground Segment (SGS)
Metcalfe, L.; Geiger, B.; Lim, T. +19 more
The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Ground Segment (SGS), comprised of payload Instrument Team, ESA and Russian operational centres, is responsible for planning the science operations of the TGO mission and for the generation and archiving of the scientific data products to levels meeting the scientific aims and criteria specified by the E…
The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution
Vršnak, Bojan; Lugaz, Noé; Liu, Ying D. +4 more
As observed in Thomson-scattered white light, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are manifest as large-scale expulsions of plasma magnetically driven from the corona in the most energetic eruptions from the Sun. It remains a tantalizing mystery as to how these erupting magnetic fields evolve to form the complex structures we observe in the solar wind a…
Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the Juno Mission
Hansen, C. J.; Kurth, W. S.; McComas, D. J. +18 more
In July 2016, NASA's Juno mission becomes the first spacecraft to enter polar orbit of Jupiter and venture deep into unexplored polar territories of the magnetosphere. Focusing on these polar regions, we review current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere and summarize the outstanding issues. The Juno mission profile in…
Geoeffective Properties of Solar Transients and Stream Interaction Regions
Balogh, A.; Kilpua, E. K. J.; von Steiger, R. +1 more
Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs), their possible shocks and sheaths, and co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) are the primary large-scale heliospheric structures driving geospace disturbances at the Earth. CIRs are followed by a faster stream where Alfvénic fluctuations may drive prolonged high-latitude activity. In this paper we hi…
Origins of the Ambient Solar Wind: Implications for Space Weather
Cranmer, Steven R.; Riley, Pete; Gibson, Sarah E.
The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our current understanding of these interrelated problems: coronal heating and the acceleration of the ambient solar wind. We also discuss where the community stands in its abilit…