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The morphological diversity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0440 Bibcode: 2015Sci...347a0440T

Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Da Deppo, Vania; Naletto, Giampiero +56 more

Images of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko acquired by the OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic and Infrared Remote Imaging System) imaging system onboard the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft at scales of better than 0.8 meter per pixel show a wide variety of different structures and textures. The data show the importance of airfall, surface du…

2015 Science
Rosetta 127
Time variability and heterogeneity in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0276 Bibcode: 2015Sci...347a0276H

Wurz, P.; Bochsler, P.; Altwegg, K. +33 more

Comets contain the best-preserved material from the beginning of our planetary system. Their nuclei and comae composition reveal clues about physical and chemical conditions during the early solar system when comets formed. ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has measured the coma compo…

2015 Science
Rosetta 123
Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0709 Bibcode: 2015Sci...347a0709G

Hartogh, Paul; Lellouch, Emmanuel; Ip, Wing-Huen +21 more

Heat transport and ice sublimation in comets are interrelated processes reflecting properties acquired at the time of formation and during subsequent evolution. The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) acquired maps of the subsurface temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, at 1.6 mm and 0.5 mm wavelengths, and spectra of wate…

2015 Science
Rosetta 99
The bubble-like interior of the core-collapse supernova remnant Cassiopeia A
DOI: 10.1126/science.1261949 Bibcode: 2015Sci...347..526M

Milisavljevic, Dan; Fesen, Robert A.

The death of massive stars is believed to involve aspheric explosions initiated by the collapse of an iron core. The specifics of these catastrophic explosions remain uncertain, due partly to limited observational constraints on asymmetries deep inside the star. Here we present near-infrared observations of the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A…

2015 Science
eHST 81
Thermal and mechanical properties of the near-surface layers of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0464 Bibcode: 2015Sci...349b0464S

Kührt, E.; Knollenberg, J.; Pelivan, I. +15 more

Thermal and mechanical material properties determine comet evolution and even solar system formation because comets are considered remnant volatile-rich planetesimals. Using data from the Multipurpose Sensors for Surface and Sub-Surface Science (MUPUS) instrument package gathered at the Philae landing site Abydos on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko…

2015 Science
Rosetta 76
Birth of a comet magnetosphere: A spring of water ions
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0571 Bibcode: 2015Sci...347a0571N

Barabash, Stas; Lundin, Rickard; Henri, Pierre +26 more

The Rosetta mission shall accompany comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from a heliocentric distance of >3.6 astronomical units through perihelion passage at 1.25 astronomical units, spanning low and maximum activity levels. Initially, the solar wind permeates the thin comet atmosphere formed from sublimation, until the size and plasma pressure of …

2015 Science
Rosetta 69
CHO-bearing organic compounds at the surface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by Ptolemy
DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0673 Bibcode: 2015Sci...349b0673W

Andrews, D. J.; Sheridan, S.; Wright, I. P. +3 more

The surface and subsurface of comets preserve material from the formation of the solar system. The properties of cometary material thus provide insight into the physical and chemical conditions during their formation. We present mass spectra taken by the Ptolemy instrument 20 minutes after the initial touchdown of the Philae lander on the surface …

2015 Science
Rosetta 54
The structure of the regolith on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from ROLIS descent imaging
DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0232 Bibcode: 2015Sci...349b0232M

Bibring, J. -P.; Jaumann, R.; Mottola, S. +15 more

The structure of the upper layer of a comet is a product of its surface activity. The Rosetta Lander Imaging System (ROLIS) on board Philae acquired close-range images of the Agilkia site during its descent onto comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. These images reveal a photometrically uniform surface covered by regolith composed of debris and blocks …

2015 Science
Rosetta 48
Old supernova dust factory revealed at the Galactic center
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2208 Bibcode: 2015Sci...348..413L

Morris, M. R.; Lau, R. M.; Herter, T. L. +2 more

Dust formation in supernova ejecta is currently the leading candidate to explain the large quantities of dust observed in the distant, early universe. However, it is unclear whether the ejecta-formed dust can survive the hot interior of the supernova remnant (SNR). We present infrared observations of ~0.02 solar masses of warm (~100 kelvin) dust s…

2015 Science
Herschel 43
The nonmagnetic nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5102 Bibcode: 2015Sci...349a5102A

Haerendel, Gerhard; Motschmann, Uwe; Russell, Christopher T. +17 more

Knowledge of the magnetization of planetary bodies constrains their origin and evolution, as well as the conditions in the solar nebular at that time. On the basis of magnetic field measurements during the descent and subsequent multiple touchdown of the Rosetta lander Philae on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), we show that no global mag…

2015 Science
Rosetta 39