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Parameter estimation with gravitational waves
Christensen, Nelson; Meyer, Renate
The new era of gravitational wave astronomy truly began on September 14, 2015, with the detection of GW150914, the sensational first direct observation of gravitational waves from the inspiral and merger of two black holes by the two Advanced LIGO detectors. In the subsequent first three observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo network, gravitational wave…
Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status
Fields, Brian D.; Cyburt, Richard H.; Olive, Keith A. +1 more
Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. A brief overview of the essentials of this physics is given, and new calculations presented of light-element abundances through 6Li and 7Li, with u…
The molecular universe
Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Molecular absorption and emission bands dominate the visible, infrared, and submillimeter spectra of most objects with associated gas. These observations reveal a surprisingly rich array of molecular species and attest to a complex chemistry taking place in the harsh environment of the interstellar medium of galaxies. Molecules are truly everywher…
The 511 keV emission from positron annihilation in the Galaxy
Moskalenko, I. V.; Marcowith, A.; Diehl, R. +9 more
The first γ-ray line originating from outside the Solar System that was ever detected is the 511 keV emission from positron annihilation in the Galaxy. Despite 30 years of intense theoretical and observational investigation, the main sources of positrons have not been identified up to now. Observations in the 1990s with OSSE/CGRO (Oriented Scintil…
Magnetic reconnection
Ji, Hantao; Yamada, Masaaki; Kulsrud, Russell
The fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection in laboratory and space plasmas is reviewed by discussing results from theory, numerical simulations, observations from space satellites, and recent results from laboratory plasma experiments. After a brief review of the well-known early work, representative recent experimental and theoretical works…
Classical monopoles: Newton, NUT space, gravomagnetic lensing, and atomic spectra
Lynden-Bell, D.; Nouri-Zonoz, M.
This article reviews the dynamics and observational signatures of particles interacting with monopoles, beginning with a scholium in Newton'sPrincipia. The orbits of particles in the field of a gravomagnetic monopole, the gravitational analog of a magnetic monopole, lie on cones; when the cones are slit open and flattened, the orbits are the ellip…