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Binary stars in the new millennium
Han, Zhanwen; Chen, Xuefei; Liu, Zhengwei
Binary stars are as common as single stars. Binary stars are of immense importance to astrophysicists because that they allow us to determine the masses of the stars independent of their distances. They are the cornerstone of the understanding of stellar evolutionary theory and play an essential role in cosmic distance measurement, galactic evolut…
Primordial black hole constraints with Hawking radiation-A review
Auffinger, Jérémy
Primordial black holes are under intense scrutiny since the detection of gravitational waves from mergers of Solar-mass black holes in 2015. More recently, the development of numerical tools and the precision observational data have rekindled the effort to constrain the black hole abundance in the lower mass range, that is M < 1023 g…
The Milky Way, coming into focus: Precision astrometry probes its evolution and its dark matter
Yanny, Brian; Gardner, Susan; McDermott, Samuel D.
The growing trove of precision astrometric observations from the Gaia space telescope and other surveys is revealing the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way in ever more exquisite detail. We summarize the current status of our understanding of the structure and the characteristics of the Milky Way, and we review the emerging picture: the Milky…
Origin of small-scale anisotropies in Galactic cosmic rays
Mertsch, Philipp; Ahlers, Markus
The arrival directions of Galactic cosmic rays are highly isotropic. This is expected from the presence of turbulent magnetic fields in our Galactic environment that repeatedly scatter charged cosmic rays during propagation. However, various cosmic ray observatories have identified weak anisotropies of various angular sizes and with relative inten…