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The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) onboard the European Mars Express mission
Grigoriev, A.; Rodrigo, R.; Rodriguez, J. +44 more
The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) for the Mars Express mission is an infrared spectrometer optimised for atmospheric studies. This instrument has a short wave (SW) channel that covers the spectral range from 1700 to 8200.0cm-1 (1.2- 5.5µm) and a long-wave (LW) channel that covers 250- 1700cm-1 (5.5- 45µm). …
Central position of the source region of storm-time chorus
Gurnett, D. A.; Pickett, J. S.; Santolík, O. +2 more
We describe an analysis method to estimate the central position of the source region of electromagnetic waves. The method is based on simultaneous measurements of the Poynting flux in several points in space. We analyze measurements of whistler-mode chorus by the four spacecraft of the Cluster mission close to their perigee at a radial distance of…
Initial results of a survey of equatorial noise emissions observed by the Cluster spacecraft
de Conchy, Y.; Santolík, O.; Němec, F. +3 more
Initial results of a survey of equatorial noise emissions are presented. These plasma wave emissions are observed in the inner magnetosphere close to the geomagnetic equator at frequencies below the local lower hybrid frequency. We use the data recorded by the four Cluster spacecraft during the first 24 months of measurements. The data set was pro…
Reconstruction of the magnetotail current sheet structure using multi-point Cluster measurements
Balogh, A.; Zhang, T. L.; Nakamura, R. +7 more
In this paper we analyze the vertical structure of the magnetotail current sheet for a few intervals during which Cluster repeatedly crosses the neutral sheet due to fast flapping motion. They include fast flows with episodes of flow reversals. The curl, gradient and divergence of the magnetic field are estimated using linear gradient/curl estimat…
Improved bow shock model with dependence on the IMF strength
Němeček, Z.; Šafránková, J.; Jelínek, K. +2 more
The presence of the bow shock in front of an obstacle immersed into a supersonic flow of collisionless plasma has been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed more than 40 years ago. However, in spite of a great effort of theoreticians and experimenters, we are still not able to predict the bow shock location under varying upstream co…
Energy deposition of pickup ions and heating of Titan's atmosphere
Johnson, R. E.; Michael, M.
The deposition of energy, escape of atomic and molecular nitrogen and heating of the upper atmosphere of Titan are studied using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. It is found that the globally averaged flux of deflected magnetospheric atomic nitrogen ions and molecular pickup ions deposit more energy in Titan's upper atmosphere than solar ra…
Methods for the analysis of data from the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on the Mars Express Mission
Ignatiev, N. I.; Zasova, L. V.; Formisano, V. +4 more
This work presents an algorithm for the scientific analysis of individual calibrated measurements from the Planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS). The instrument, included in the scientific payload of the ESA Mars Express mission to Mars, acquires spectra in the range between 250 and 8200 cm -1, with a sampling step of ∼1 cm -1…
Calibration of the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer long wavelength channel
Piccioni, G.; Grassi, D.; Khatuntsev, I. +17 more
The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) experiment on board the Mars Express mission has two channels covering the 1.2-5 µm (SWC) and the 5-50 µm (LWC). The Long Wavelength Channel (LWC) measures the thermal emission spectrum of Mars between 200 and 2000 cm -1 with a spectral resolution of 1.4 cm -1, in absence o…
Planetary Fourier spectrometer data analysis: Fast radiative transfer models
Grassi, D.; Ignatiev, N. I.; Zasova, L. V.
We present fast algorithms used in IKI and IFSI for the analysis of the Martian spectra measured in the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) experiment onboard Mars Express orbiter. The first algorithm is based on a new very general and precise approach applicable to planetary atmospheres with quite arbitrary absorption and scattering properties. …
Derivation of elemental abundance maps at intermediate resolution from optical interpolation of lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer data
Pinet, Patrick C.; Kaydash, Vadim G.; Shkuratov, Yuriy G. +4 more
We propose a technique that interpolates available lunar prospector gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) data using Clementine UVVIS spectral reflectance images. The main idea is to use low resolution GRS data as a "ground truth" to establish relationships linking optical data and geochemical information maximizing the respective correlation coefficients.…