Search Publications
Diverse volcanism and crustal recycling on early Mars
Xiao, Long; Edwards, Christopher S.; Michalski, Joseph R. +2 more
The relatively well-preserved ancient crust of Mars provides a natural window into early planetary evolution not available on Earth due to sustained tectonic recycling and erosion on this planet. Mars has generally been considered a one-plate basaltic planet, though recent evidence suggests magmatic evolution resulting in felsic crust might have o…
The emerging archaeological record of Mars
Fairén, Alberto G.; Holcomb, Justin A.; O'Leary, Beth L. +2 more
Humans first reached Mars in 1971, initiating the record of human activity on the Red Planet. As planetary scientists plan for future planetary protection procedures for Mars, they should also consider the developing archaeological record on one of our nearest planets.
The X-ray mysteries of neutron stars and white dwarfs
Rea, Nanda; Schartel, Norbert
These two types of compact objects share several similarities, despite their different compositions. A short workshop in Spain brought communities together to share understanding of dense matter under extreme conditions.
Spectroscopic confirmation of four metal-poor galaxies at z = 10.3-13.2
Chevallard, Jacopo; Maseda, Michael V.; Carniani, Stefano +56 more
Finding and characterizing the first galaxies that illuminated the early universe at cosmic dawn is pivotal to understand the physical conditions and the processes that led to the formation of the first stars. In the first few months of operations, imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been used to identify tens of candidates of g…
Stress testing ΛCDM with high-redshift galaxy candidates
Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
Early data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a bevy of high-redshift galaxy candidates with unexpectedly high stellar masses. An immediate concern is the consistency of these candidates with galaxy formation in the standard ΛCDM cosmological model, wherein the stellar mass (M⋆) of a galaxy is limited by the availa…
Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts z > 10
Maiolino, R.; Sun, F.; Egami, E. +53 more
Surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have discovered candidate galaxies in the first 400 Myr of cosmic time. Preliminary indications have suggested these candidate galaxies may be more massive and abundant than previously thought. However, without confirmed distances, their inferred properties remain uncertain. Here we identify four …
An Ice Age JWST inventory of dense molecular cloud ices
Egami, E.; McGuire, Brett A.; Sun, Fengwu +39 more
Icy grain mantles are the main reservoir of the volatile elements that link chemical processes in dark, interstellar clouds with the formation of planets and the composition of their atmospheres. The initial ice composition is set in the cold, dense parts of molecular clouds, before the onset of star formation. With the exquisite sensitivity of th…
A JWST transmission spectrum of the nearby Earth-sized exoplanet LHS 475 b
Sing, David K.; Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob; Fu, Guangwei +20 more
The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what processes sculpt them over time. Because of its broad wavelength coverage and improved resolution compared with previous instruments, spectroscopy with the James…
A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star
Waters, L. B. F. M.; Olofsson, G.; Abergel, A. +43 more
Carbon is an essential element for life but how much can be delivered to young planets is still an open question. The chemical characterization of planet-forming disks is a crucial step in our understanding of the diversity and habitability of exoplanets. Very low-mass stars (less than 0.2 M⊙) are interesting targets because they host a…
Dilution of chemical enrichment in galaxies 600 Myr after the Big Bang
Heintz, Kasper E.; Brammer, Gabriel B.; Oesch, Pascal A. +10 more
The evolution of galaxies throughout the last 12 Gyr of cosmic time has followed a single, universal relation that connects star-formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses (M⋆) and chemical abundances. Deviation from this fundamental scaling relation would imply a drastic change in the processes that regulate galaxy evolution. Observations …