Search Publications
SAPS/SAID revisited: A causal relation to the substorm current wedge
Mishin, Evgeny; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Foster, John
We present multispacecraft observations of enhanced flow/electric field channels in the inner magnetosphere and conjugate subauroral ionosphere, i.e., subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) near dusk and subauroral ion drifts (SAID) near midnight. The channels collocate with ring current (RC) injections lagging the onset of substorms by a few to ∼…
Broadband high-frequency waves detected at dipolarization fronts
Cao, J. B.; Yao, Z. H.; Fu, H. S. +3 more
Dipolarization front (DF) is a sharp boundary most probably separating the reconnection jet from the background plasma sheet. So far at this boundary, the observed waves are mainly in low-frequency range (e.g., magnetosonic waves and lower hybrid waves). Few high-frequency waves are observed in this region. In this paper, we report the broadband h…
Suprathermal electron acceleration in the near-Earth flow rebounce region
Cao, J. B.; Xu, Y.; Yao, Z. H. +4 more
Flux pileup regions (FPRs) are traditionally referred to the strong-Bz bundles behind dipolarization fronts (DFs) in the Earth's magnetotail and can appear both inside earthward and tailward bursty bulk flows. It has been widely reported that suprathermal electrons (40-200 keV) can be efficiently accelerated inside earthward FPRs, leavi…
A direct examination of the dynamics of dipolarization fronts using MMS
Russell, C. T.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Owen, C. J. +13 more
Energy conversion on the dipolarization fronts (DFs) has attracted much research attention through the suggestion that intense current densities associated with DFs can modify the more global magnetotail current system. The current structures associated with a DF are at the scale of one to a few ion gyroradii, and their duration is comparable to a…
A new observational solar irradiance composite
Schmutz, Werner; Haberreiter, Margit; Schöll, Micha +4 more
Variations in the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) are an important driver of the chemistry, temperature, and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere and ultimately the Earth's climate. To investigate the detailed response of the Earth's atmosphere to SSI variations, a reliable SSI data set is needed. We present an observational SSI composite data set t…
Hot oxygen escape from Mars: Simple scaling with solar EUV irradiance
Luhmann, J.; Cravens, T. E.; Combi, M. +8 more
The evolution of the atmosphere of Mars and the loss of volatiles over the lifetime of the solar system is a key topic in planetary science. An important loss process for atomic species, such as oxygen, is ionospheric photochemical escape. Dissociative recombination of O2+ ions (the major ion species) produces fast oxygen ato…
Martian magnetic storms
Luhmann, J. G.; Russell, C. T.; Li, Y. +11 more
The response of Mars to the major space weather events called interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is of interest for both general planetary solar wind interaction studies and related speculations on their evolutionary consequences—especially with respect to atmosphere escape. Various particle and field signatures of ICMEs have been obser…
Global Mars-solar wind coupling and ion escape
Barabash, Stas; Nilsson, Hans; Holmström, Mats +2 more
Loss of the early Martian atmosphere is often thought to have occurred due to an effective transfer of the solar wind energy through the Martian induced magnetic barrier to the ionosphere. We have quantified the coupling efficiency by comparing the power of the heavy ion outflow with the available power supplied by the upstream solar wind. Constra…
The occurrence and wave properties of EMIC waves observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission
Allen, R. C.; Deng, X. H.; Torbert, R. B. +5 more
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can precipitate the ring current ions and relativistic electrons and heat the cold electrons in the magnetosphere. This requires comprehensive knowledge of the occurrence and wave properties of EMIC waves. In the present study, we used the data from one new mission, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mis…
EMPIRE: A robust empirical reconstruction of solar irradiance variability
Solanki, S. K.; Yeo, K. L.; Krivova, N. A.
We present a new empirical model of total and spectral solar irradiance (TSI and SSI) variability entitled EMPirical Irradiance REconstruction (EMPIRE). As with existing empirical models, TSI and SSI variability is given by the linear combination of solar activity indices. In empirical models, UV SSI variability is usually determined by fitting th…