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Observation of decay phases of solar energetic particle events at 1 and 5 AU from the Sun
Balogh, A.; Dalla, S.; Heber, B. +2 more
The slow decay phase of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events has been interpreted as an indication of particle reservoirs being established in the inner heliosphere. The same phenomenon is sometimes termed spectral invariance and explained in terms of a magnetic bottle effect, whereby a barrier impedes particle escape. In alternative to t…
Alfvénic turbulence in high-latitude solar wind: Radial versus latitudinal variations
Bavassano, B.; Pietropaolo, E.; Bruno, R.
Plasma and magnetic field measurements by Ulysses during its first out-of-ecliptic orbit have allowed extensive investigations on the behavior of Alfvénic turbulence in high-latitude solar wind from 1 to 5 AU. Most analyses have shown that the turbulence evolution in high-latitude wind is radial, rather than latitudinal, in nature. However, a rece…
Motion of auroral ion outflow structures observed with CLUSTER and IMAGE FUV
Lundin, R.; Winningham, J. D.; Dandouras, I. +22 more
During February 2001 the CLUSTER satellites recorded a number of perigee passes through the midnight auroral zone. We concentrate on one pass, on 23 February 2001, when structured outflow was observed. Simultaneous observations of the aurora were available from the FUV instrument on IMAGE. The features in the ion outflow observed by the Cluster Io…
Comment on ``Model of ionic charge states of impulsive solar energetic particles in solar flares'' by M. Dolores Rodríguez-Frías, Luis del Peral, and Jorge Pérez-Peraza
Kocharov, Leon; Torsti, Jarmo; Kovaltsov, Gennadi A. +2 more
Attention is drawn to the fact that the numerical code ESCAPE by [2001] is in conflict with other models of charge-changing processes in solar corona, including the most reliable model by [1992]. We find in the >0.1 MeV nucleon-1 energy range a tendency of the ESCAPE code to overestimate the ionic charge of iron. This implies an unde…